ArticleJournal of clinical & cellular immunology2022
Cytokine Deficiencies in Patients with Long-COVID.
Article in Journal of clinical & cellular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transfer of IgG from long COVID patients induces symptomology in mice.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal trajectories of hematological indices and serum metalloproteinases-2 and 9 over 1 year after moderate and severe COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Assessment of Kidney Function Decline in Long COVID Syndrome.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Observational
- Principal component analysis of cytokine signature in COVID-19 and Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NK-cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Blood parameters differentiate post COVID-19 condition from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Immunological and Clinical Markers of Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19: Insights from Mild and Severe Cases 6 Months Post-infection.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Long COVID and Biomarker Dysregulation-A Shift Toward Immune Exhaustion?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal lipoprotein and inflammatory mediators analysis uncover persisting inflammation and hyperlipidemia following SARS-CoV-2 infection in long COVID-19.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Mitigating fatigue in long COVID patients with MYPBMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Transcriptome analysis of classical blood cells reveals downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in the classical monocytes of long COVID patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Neurological Complications of COVID-19: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Underpinnings and Therapeutic Implications.Viruses · 2024Review
- IL-6 and IL-17 as potential links between pre-existing hypertension and long-term COVID sequelae in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inflammatory Polymorphisms (IL-6Viruses · 2024Article
- Different polarization and functionality of CD4+ T helper subsets in people with post-COVID condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A pilot study on the immune cell proteome of long COVID patients shows changes to physiological pathways similar to those in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Risk Factors for Long COVID in Older Adults.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Unique immune and inflammatory cytokine profiles may define long COVID syndrome.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Up to half of individuals who contract SARS-CoV-2 develop symptoms of long-COVID approximately three months after initial infection. These symptoms are highly variable, and the mechanisms inducing them are yet to be understood. We compared plasma cytokine levels from individuals with long-COVID to healthy individuals and found that those with long-COVID had 100% reductions in circulating levels of Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Additionally, we found significant reductions in levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-4 in individuals with long-COVID. We propose immune exhaustion as the driver of long-COVID, with the complete absence of IFNγ and IL-8preventing the lungs and other organs from healing after acute infection, and reducing the ability to fight off subsequent infections, both contributing to the myriad of symptoms suffered by those with long-COVID.
Indexed as
Identifiers
36742994PMC9894377W4319293893What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.