ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves' orbitopathy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and Graves' ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Gut and Orbital Dysbiosis Associated with Graves' Disease and Graves' Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The role of monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6R in the treatment of thyroid eye disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Macrophage plasticity in thyroid eye disease: dual effects of inflammation and fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- TSHR-Targeting Nucleic Acid Aptamer Treats Graves' Ophthalmopathy via Novel Allosteric Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-driven pathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a dual approach of clinical correlation and genetic causality.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- IGF-1R inhibitors in cancer: A review of available evidence and future outlook.Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2025Review
- Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Small-Molecule Probe for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Safety, pharmacokinetics, and potential benefits of TSH-receptor-specific monoclonal autoantibody K1-70Endocrine journal · 2025Article
- Elastin as a Novel Extracellular Matrix From Aberrant HDAC4 Expression in PDGF-BB-Induced Orbital Fibroblasts From Graves' Ophthalmopathy Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Review
- Thyroid-related orbitopathy: clinical overview, novel medical treatments and the role of orbital surgery.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Article
- Role of SerpinA3 in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Patient Preferences, Expectations, and Values for the Management and Treatment of Graves Disease.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Review
- Teprotumumab in the management of thyroid eye disease mechanistic insights and adverse reactions: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The role of mycophenolate mofetil in the therapy of thyroid eye disease.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Fibroblast PI3K/AKT signaling and extracellular matrix homeostasis: mechanisms, targets, and delivery challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Peptidomic profiling of endogenous peptides in the spleens of mouse models of Graves' disease.Heliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. There are few review articles on GO research from the perspective of target cells and target antigens. A systematic search of PubMed was performed, focusing mainly on studies published after 2015 that involve the role of target cells, orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and orbital adipocytes (OAs), target antigens, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and their corresponding antibodies, TSHR antibodies (TRAbs) and IGF-1R antibodies (IGF-1R Abs), in GO pathogenesis and the potentially effective therapies that target TSHR and IGF-1R. Based on the results, OFs may be derived from bone marrow-derived CD34+ fibrocytes. In addition to CD34+ OFs, CD34- OFs are important in the pathogenesis of GO and may be involved in hyaluronan formation. CD34- OFs expressing Slit2 suppress the phenotype of CD34+ OFs. β-arrestin 1 can be involved in TSHR/IGF-1R crosstalk as a scaffold. Research on TRAbs has gradually shifted to TSAbs, TBAbs and the titre of TRAbs. However, the existence and role of IGF-1R Abs are still unknown and deserve further study. Basic and clinical trials of TSHR-inhibiting therapies are increasing, and TSHR is an expected therapeutic target. Teprotumumab has become the latest second-line treatment for GO. This review aims to effectively describe the pathogenesis of GO from the perspective of target cells and target antigens and provide ideas for its fundamental treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.