ReviewBrain & NeuroRehabilitation2021
Safety Review and Perspectives of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Brain Stimulation.
Review in Brain & NeuroRehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic potential of ultrasound for spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Peptide-Based Delivery Systems: Selected Insights into Cell-Penetrating Peptides.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Techniques and Their Efficacy in Treating Cognition and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease-A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of a PET Insert for Trimodal Imaging: A Step Toward PET/MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound.IEEE transactions on radiation and plasma medical sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in Psychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms, Models, and Missing Links.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Review
- Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation in schizophrenia: current evidence, mechanisms, and future directions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Parameter-Determined Effects: Advances in Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Neural Excitation and Inhibition.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of thalamus in human conscious perception revealed by low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A panoramic review of transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation: from basic research to clinical applications.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Article
- Role of Thalamus in Human Conscious Perception Revealed by Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hijacked Brain in Modern Obesity: Cue, Habit, Addiction, Emotion, and Restraint as Targets for Personalized Digital Therapy and Electroceuticals.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Neuromodulation with Ultrasound: Hypotheses on the Directionality of Effects and Community Resource.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Bioadhesive hydrogel-coupled and miniaturized ultrasound transducer system for long-term, wearable neuromodulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- A retrospective analysis of ultrasound neuromodulation therapy using transcranial pulse stimulation in 58 dementia patients.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ultrasound is an important theragnostic modality in modern medicine. Technical advancement of both acoustic focusing and transcranial delivery have enabled administration of ultrasound waves to localized brain areas with few millimeters of spatial specificity and penetration depth sufficient to reach the thalamus. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) given at a low acoustic intensity has been shown to increase or suppress the excitability of region-specific brain areas. The neuromodulatory effects can outlast the sonication, suggesting the possibility of inducing neural plasticity needed for neurorehabilitation. Increasing numbers of studies have shown the efficacy and excellent safety profile of the technique, yet comparisons among the safety-related parameters have not been compiled. This review aims to provide safety information and perspectives of tFUS brain stimulation. First, the acoustic parameters most relevant to thermal/mechanical tissue damage are discussed along with regulated parameters for existing ultrasound therapies/diagnostic imaging. Subsequently, the parameters used in studies of large animals, non-human primates, and humans are surveyed and summarized in terms of the acoustic intensity and the mechanical index. The pulse-mode operation and the use of low ultrasound frequency for tFUS-mediated brain stimulation warrant the establishment of new safety guidelines/recommendations for the use of the technique among healthy volunteers, with additional cautionary requirements for its clinical translation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.