ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2022
Analytical and functional approaches to assess the immunogenicity of gluten proteins.
Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Encapsulation of Protein-Based Drug Carriers for Controlled Loading and Releasing Efficiency: A Review.The protein journal · 2026Review
- From Corn Gluten Meal to Bioactive Glutamine Peptides: Stepwise Enzymatic Release, Peptidomics Analysis, and Identification of a Novel Peptide QFSLP Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Farming System on Grain Composition and Immunogenic Potential of Ancient and Modern Durum Wheat Varieties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impacts of conditionally essential amino acids, cysteine, and tyrosine on intestinal inflammation in celiac disease.Amino acids · 2025Review
- Gluten Proteins: Beneficial Factors and Toxic Triggers in Human Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluating the influence of oleic and palmitic acids on inflammatory markers and gut barrier integrity in a celiac disease Caco-2 model.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Electrochemistry as a Tool for Redox-Based Bio-Information Processing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gluten proteins are the causative agents of celiac disease (CD), a lifelong and worldwide spread food intolerance, characterized by an autoimmune enteropathy. Gluten is a complex mixture of high homologous water-insoluble proteins, characterized by a high content of glutamine and proline amino acids that confers a marked resistance to degradation by gastrointestinal proteases. As a consequence of that, large peptides are released in the gut lumen with the potential to activate inflammatory T cells, in CD predisposed individuals. To date, several strategies aimed to detoxify gluten proteins or to develop immunomodulatory drugs to recover immune tolerance to gluten are under investigation. This review overviews the state of art of both analytical and functional methods currently used to assess the immunogenicity potential of gluten proteins from different cereal sources, including native raw seed flours and complex food products, as well as drug-treated samples. The analytical design to assess the content and profile of gluten immunogenic peptides, described herein, is based on the oral-gastro-intestinal digestion (INFOGEST model) followed by extensive characterization of residual gluten peptides by proteomic and immunochemical analyses. These approaches include liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and R5/G12 competitive ELISA. Functional studies to assess the immune stimulatory capabilities of digested gluten peptides are based on gut mucosa T cells or peripheral blood cells obtained from CD volunteers after a short oral gluten challenge.
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