SynthesisProgress in orthodontics2023
The effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Progress in orthodontics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Facial Profile Attractiveness and Full-Face Attractiveness in Individuals With Convex Facial Profiles.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Does variation in lower lip position and lower facial height affect the perception of smile attractiveness? : A quantitative analysis.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence for facial attractiveness assessment in orthodontics: model development and evaluation.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Influence of facial shape on perceived attractiveness.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- The association between oral health-related quality-of-life and smile aesthetic indices among Chinese individuals.Medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Psychosocial Factors and the Need for Orthodontic Treatment Based on Self-Perception.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of varying anteroposterior craniodentofacial morphologies on three-dimensional smile variables.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Esthetic preference of upper central incisor inclination in a smile profile view. A cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Orthodontic treatment improves gingival morphological symmetry parameters: a retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparison of survival rate and duration of maxillary and mandibular lingual bonded retainers - a retrospective cohort study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Aesthetic Impact of Orthognathic Surgery vs. Orthodontic Camouflage in Class II Division 1 Patients with Convex Facial Profile: A Follow-Up Using Combined Frontal and Profile Views.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Factors associated with indication of tooth whitening during orthodontic treatment.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy of micro-implant anchorage in orthodontic treatment.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Role of initial facial attractiveness in the perceived aesthetic outcome of convex profile treatment.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Simulation of oral environmental conditions through artificial aging of teeth for the assessment of enamel discoloration in orthodontics.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Comparative evaluation of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) versus traditional camouflage orthodontic treatment in adult patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Article
- Self-perception and self-recognition of facial profiles in adolescents referred to orthodontic treatment.The Angle orthodontist · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a New Technique of Gingival Smile Reduction after Hyaluronic Acid Infiltration: A Cohort Study Focusing on Gingival Exposure and Patient-Oriented Outcomes.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmile attractiveness is a primary factor for patients to seek orthodontic treatment, however, there is yet no systematic evaluation of this topic in the literature.
objectivesTo assess the current evidence on the effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness. SEARCH
methodsSeven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase) were searched on 14 September 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies evaluating smile attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment or only after completion of orthodontic treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Extracted data included study design and setting, sample size and demographics, malocclusion type, treatment modality and method for outcome assessment. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were planned a priori.
methodsAfter elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, an evaluation of the overall evidence was performed. The included studies were evaluated based on the characteristics of their study and control groups and based on their main research question. Also, all outcome measures were standardized into a common assessment scale (0-100), in order to obtain more easily interpretable results.
resultsTen studies were included in this review, nine of which were assessed as being at serious risk of bias and one at moderate risk of bias. The large heterogeneity between the included studies did not allow for a meta-analysis. Orthodontic treatment has a moderately positive effect on smile attractiveness. When compared to no treatment, orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions improves smile attractiveness by 22%. Also, surgical correction of Class III cases increases smile attractiveness by 7.5% more than camouflage treatment. No other significant differences were shown between different types of treatment.
conclusionBased on the available data, orthodontic treatment seems to moderately improve the attractiveness of the smile. There is significant bias in the current literature assessing the effect of orthodontics on smile attractiveness; therefore, the results cannot be accepted with certainty.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.