ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2023
Casino accessibility and suicide: A county-level study of 50 US states, 2000 to 2016.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unraveling the Impact of Early Adversity and Perpetration on Problematic Gambling in Young Adults: Insights from the Add Health Study.Journal of gambling studies · 2026Article
- The relationship between Problem Gambling Severity Index scores and suicidality: Results of a 9-year cohort study of young United Kingdom adults.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- The expansion of gambling across the Americas poses risks to mental health and wellbeing.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Review
- Gambling-related suicide in Victoria, Australia: a population-based cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Gambling Disorder among Porto's University Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsSuicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States (US). Research over many decades identifies that its etiology is complex, with risk factors operating in multiple domains. One such risk factor is gambling. Over the past three decades, exposure to gambling has increased dramatically in the United States. The aim of this study was to measure the magnitude of the association between casino density and absolute risk of suicide in US counties. DESIGN, SETTING, CASES: This spatial panel analysis used data for 3131 counties from 50 US states from 2000 to 2016, for an overall sample of 53 227 county-year units. Using Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson models, we measured incidence rate ratios and credible intervals for the association between the density per population of casinos and other gambling outlets and the incidence of suicide. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome of interest was counts of suicides. The main exposures of interest were casinos and other gambling outlets.
findingsA total of 527 401 suicides occurred during the study period. On average, there was a mean of 1.3 casinos (SD = 9.1) and 1.4 other gambling venues (SD = 5.9) in each county-year. After controlling for confounding, the incidence rate ratio for casinos was 1.016, and the credible interval was between 1.010 and 1.023.
conclusionsThe density of casinos and other gambling venues is positively associated with suicide mortality in the United States.
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