Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36738514›Full record

ArticleHormones and behavior2023

Androgens and child behavior: Color and toy preferences in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Sharon A S Neufeld, Marcia L Collaer, Debra Spencer, Vickie Pasterski, Peter C Hindmarsh, Ieuan A Hughes, Carlo Acerini, Melissa Hines

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hormones and behavior, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Sharon A S NeufeldDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. Electronic address: sasn2@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
Marcia L CollaerDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA. Electronic address: collaer@middlebury.edu.
Debra SpencerDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. Electronic address: ds356@cam.ac.uk.
Vickie PasterskiDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: vp@drpasterski.com.
Peter C HindmarshDevelopmental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: p.hindmarsh@ucl.ac.uk.
Ieuan A HughesDepartment of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: iah1000@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
Carlo AceriniDepartment of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Melissa HinesDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. Electronic address: mh504@cam.ac.uk.
University of Cambridge · GBAddenbrooke's Hospital · GBMiddlebury College · USUniversity College London · GB

Funding

Brain and behavior in individuals with intersex conditionsR01HD081720 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE · PI HINES, MELISSA, LUEDERS, EILEEN · 2015 to 2020
$1.8M
HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON NEURAL-BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENTR01HD024542 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE · PI HINES, MELISSA · 1990 to 2009
$908k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD024542NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD081720
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human males and females show average gender/sex differences for certain psychological phenomena. Multiple factors may contribute to these differences, including sex chromosomes, exposure to gonadal hormones, and socialization or learning. This study investigated potential hormonal and socialization/learning influences on gender/sex differences in childhood preferences for color, specifically pink and red vs. blues, and for toys. Children (aged 4 to 11 years) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH, n = 43 girls and 37 boys), marked by elevated prenatal adrenal androgen exposure, and without CAH (n = 41 girls and 31 boys) were studied. Prior research indicates girls with CAH are masculinized for certain behaviors, such as toy choices, while boys with CAH generally do not differ from boys without CAH. In the current study, children indicated preferences for stereotyped hues of pink vs. blue as well as two control color pairs. They also indicated their preference between gender/sex-typed toys (doll vs. car) presented in black and white, in gender/sex-congruent colors (pink doll vs. blue car) and in gender/sex-incongruent colors (pink car vs. blue doll). Color findings: Control girls preferred stereotyped pink over blue more than boys or girls with CAH did; the latter two groups did not differ in their color preferences. No preference differences occurred for other color pairs. Toy findings: In black/white or gender/sex-congruent colors, boys preferred the car more than control girls or girls with CAH did, while girls with CAH preferred the car more than control girls did. In gender/sex-incongruent colors (pink car vs. blue doll), boys still preferred the car, while girls with CAH showed reduced and control girls showed increased preferences for the pink car compared to the car preferences in black/white. Results support learning theories of color preferences, perhaps also influenced by pre-existing toy preferences which may occur for other reasons, including early androgen exposure. Specifically, girls with CAH may have learned they do not enjoy stereotypical toys for girls, often colored pink, and pink coloring may subsequently diminish their preference for a car. Our results highlight the importance of gonadal hormones and learning in the development of childhood toy and color preferences.

Indexed as

Adrenal Hyperplasia, CongenitalAndrogensChildChild BehaviorFemaleGender IdentityHumansMalePregnancySex CharacteristicsAndrogensAndrogensCAHColor preferenceCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaGenderSexTestosteroneToy preference

Identifiers

PMID36738514
PMCPMC9976950
OpenAlexW4318997135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.