Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36737746›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomization studies.

Deqiang Zheng, Ning Li, Rui Hou, Xiaoyu Zhang, Lijuan Wu, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Jianguang Ji

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review of diabetic retinopathy outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Deqiang Zheng *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ning Li *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Rui Hou *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyu Zhang *Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. zhangxiaoyu@ccmu.edu.cn.
Lijuan WuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jan SundquistDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Kristina SundquistDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Jianguang Ji *Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Jianguang.ji@med.lu.se.
Capital Medical University · CNLund University · SEShimane University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) to decrease certain microvascular events has called for the investigation of GLP-1 RAs against diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the evidence is limited. By combining data from observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, we aimed to investigate whether GLP-1 RAs decrease the risk of DR.

methodsWe combined data from several Swedish Registers and identified patients with incident type 2 diabetes being treated with GLP-1 RAs between 2006 and 2015, and matched them to diabetic patients who did not use GLP-1 RAs as the comparisons. The Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the risk of DR. We further performed the summary-data-based MR (SMR) analyses based on the Genotype-Tissue Expression databases and the Genome-Wide Association Study of DR from the FinnGen consortium.

resultsA total of 2390 diabetic patients were treated with GLP-1 RAs and the incidence of DR was 5.97 per 1000 person-years. Compared with diabetic patients who did not use GLP-1 RAs having an incidence of 12.85 per 1000 person-years, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of DR was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.61]. Genetically-predicted GLP1R expression (the target of GLP-1 RAs) showed an inverse association with background [odds ratio (OR)=0.83, 95% CI, 0.71-0.97] and severe nonproliferative DR (OR=0.72, 95% CI, 0.53-0.98), and a non-significant association with overall (OR=0.97, 95% CI, 0.92-1.03) and proliferative DR (OR=0.98, 95% CI, 0.91-1.05).

conclusionsBoth observational and mendelian randomization analyses showed a significantly lower risk of DR for patients treated with GLP-1 RAs, which calls for further studies to validate these findings.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyGenome-Wide Association StudyGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMendelian Randomization AnalysisGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsCohort studyDiabetic retinopathyGLP-1 RAsMendelian randomization

Identifiers

PMID36737746
PMCPMC9898966
OpenAlexW4319078643

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.