ArticleInfection2023
MxA for differentiating viral and bacterial infections in adults: a prospective, exploratory study.
Article in Infection, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myxovirus resistance protein A to differentiate between viral and non-viral respiratory infections in adults: a prospective study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Evaluating myxovirus resistance protein A-based rapid testing combined with pathogen sequencing for arboviral and incidental viral infection surveillance in Senegal.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Surfactant-free polymer microspheres with molecular confinement-enabled optical encoding for dual-color immunochromatographic assays.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Immune Metabolites as Broad-Spectrum Biomarkers for Viral Infections.Viruses · 2025Review
- Application of myxovirus resistance protein A in the etiological diagnosis of infections in adults.World journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Recent updates of interferon-derived myxovirus resistance protein A as a biomarker for acute viral infection.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Review: Diagnostic Potential for Collaborative Pharyngitis Biomarkers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeInappropriate antibiotic prescription in patients with viral infections contributes to the surge of antibiotic resistance. Viral infections induce the expression of the antiviral protein MxA in monocytes, which is a promising biomarker to differentiate between viral and bacterial diseases. In this prospective, exploratory study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic value of monocyte MxA expression in adults with viral, bacterial or co-infections.
methodsWe measured monocyte MxA expression using flow cytometry in a cohort of 61 adults with various viral, bacterial and co-infections including patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
resultsMonocyte MxA expression in virus-infected patients was significantly higher compared to bacterial infections (83.3 [66.8, 109.4] vs. 33.8 [29.3, 47.8] mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]; p < 0.0001) but not co-infections (53.1 [33.9, 88.9] MFI). At a threshold of 62.2 MFI, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections was 0.9, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 84.6%, respectively. Immunosuppressive therapy did not affect monocyte MxA expression in virus-infected patients.
conclusionOur findings corroborate the diagnostic performance of MxA in differentiating viral and bacterial infections but also point to an important caveat of MxA in viral-bacterial co-infections. This study extends previous reports and indicates that MxA is also a useful biomarker in immunocompromised patients.
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