ArticleScientific reports2023
Low frequency electrical waves in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electroactive Proteinoid-Quantum Dot Systems.Small science · 2025Article
- Myelin-Proteinoids Interactions in Neural Signaling.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Spiking Neurons Derived from Proteinoid and Bacteriorhodopsin.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Modulation of Proteinoid Electrical Spiking Activity with Magnetic Nanoparticles.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Living Kombucha Electronics with Proteinoids.ACS omega · 2025Article
- On Emergence of Spontaneous Oscillations in Kombucha and Proteinoids.BioNanoScience · 2025Review
- On fault-tolerant Boolean functions in proteinoids-ZnO colloids.Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics · 2025Article
- Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids.ACS omega · 2024Article
- On Effect of Chloroform on Electrical Activity of Proteinoids.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Cross-Linked by Actin Filaments.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
- Electroactive composite biofilms integrating Kombucha, Chlorella and synthetic proteinoid Proto-Brains.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Learning in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Proteinoid Microspheres as Protoneural Networks.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Logical gates in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres.PloS one · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proteinoids (thermal proteins) are produced by heating amino acids to their melting point and initiation of polymerisation to produce polymeric chains. Amino acid-like molecules, or proteinoids, can condense at high temperatures to create aggregation structures called proteinoid microspheres, which have been reported to exhibit strong electrical oscillations. When the amino acids L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) were combined with electric fields of varying frequencies and intensities, electrical activity resulted. We recorded electrical activity of the proteinoid microspheres' ensembles via a pair of differential electrodes. This is analogous to extracellular recording in physiology or EEG in neuroscience but at micro-level. We discovered that the ensembles produce spikes of electrical potential, an average duration of each spike is 26 min and average amplitude is 1 mV. The spikes are typically grouped in trains of two spikes. The electrical activity of the ensembles can be tuned by external stimulation because ensembles of proteinoid microspheres can generate and propagate electrical activity when exposed to electric fields.
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