ArticleTranslational psychiatry2023
Association of time spent in outdoor light and genetic risk with the incidence of depression.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The predictive value of polygenic risk scores for depression in gene-environment interaction studies: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Shared genetic architecture and pathways linking major depressive disorder and autoimmune thyroid disease: insights from common and rare variants.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Light Exposure as a Modifiable Determinant of Mental Health.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Triglyceride-glucose index, genetic predisposition, and incident depression: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Outdoor light spending time, genetic predisposition and incident Parkinson's disease: the mediating effect of lifestyle and vitamin D.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- The association between time spent outdoors during daylight and mortality among participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 Cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Integrated analysis of polygenic and environmental risk scores for late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Depression: Improving Antidepressant Bioavailability and Targeted Central Nervous System Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- An integrative examination of psychological distress and its nutritional and visual correlates among young adults in Ghana.PloS one · 2025Article
- Inflammation and depression: an evolutionary framework for the role of physical activity and exercise.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with the Development of Depression and the Influence of Obesity on Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression is the consequence of both environment and genes working together. Genetic factors increase depression risk, but it is unclear whether this association can be offset by time spent in outdoor light. The study was undertaken to investigate the optimal time spent in outdoor light for lowering the risk of depression and the joint association of time spent in outdoor light and depression genetic risk. In UK Biobank, 380,976 depression-free individuals were included in this study. Polygenic risk score (PRS) was categorized into three groups in terms of tertiles. Time spent in outdoor light on a typical day in summer or winter originated from the questionnaire survey. Depression was defined as hospital admission. The potential dose-response relationship between time spent in outdoor light and depression risk was shown by a restricted cubic spline. Data were analyzed using Cox regressions and Laplace regression. After the median follow-up of 12.6 years, 13,636 individuals suffered from depression in the end. A nonlinear (J-shaped relationship) trend was observed between time spent in outdoor light and depression risk. On average, 1.5 h/day of outdoor light was related to the minimum risk of depression. Individuals below and above this optimal time both had elevated depression risk (below, HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16; above, HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.20), and the time to incident depression were both shortened by 0.46 years (50th percentile differences [PD] = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.78, -0.14) and 0.63 years (50th PD = -0.63, 95% CI: -0.90, -0.35) years, respectively. In a comparison of individuals with the lowest tertile of PRS and average 1.5 h/day outdoor light, the HRs and 95% CIs of depression were 1.36 (1.21-1.53) and 1.43 (1.29-1.58) in those with the highest tertile of PRS and below/above this reference value, respectively. Significant multiplicative interactions were observed between intermediate genetic risks and longer time spent in outdoor light. We found that an average of 1.5 h/day spent in outdoor light was associated with a lower depression risk whatever the degree of depression genetic predisposition. Moderate time spent in outdoor light may contribute to a decreased depression risk even among people with a higher genetic risk of depression.
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