ReviewInternational journal of pharmaceutics2023
Airway mucus in pulmonary diseases: Muco-adhesive and muco-penetrating particles to overcome the airway mucus barriers.
Review in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled formulations for bacterial pneumonia: Strategies and advances in drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Clearing the Pulmonary Traffic Jam With Dual-Enzyme Inhalable Nanoparticles Restore Airflow and Reverse Fibrotic Remodeling.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- A targeted antioxidant nanomedicine regulates mitochondrial ROS and antiviral immunity in rhinovirus-infected human bronchial epithelial cells.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Remodeling the pathological airway: advanced nanotechnology for diagnostics and therapeutics in cystic fibrosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the application of polymeric nanoparticles to the pulmonary delivery of mRNA.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Cell-based drug delivery for combating bacteria: focus on refractory infections.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Inhalable gene and RNA therapy for cystic fibrosis: perspectives and progress in clinical development.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Mucopenetrative Lipid-Polymer nanoparticles show Potent Anti-Inflammatory activity in a human Lung-on-Chip model.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents for Pulmonary Infections: From Biological Principles to Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Study on the discovery of lung-descending herbs and bioactive constituents using TRP channel-functionalized screening.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Paclitaxel-eluting silicone airway stent with sustained drug release and potent anti-fibrotic activity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- EV-associated non-coding RNAs in paediatric asthma airway remodelling: current mechanistic evidence and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Nanocarrier-Enabled siRNA Therapy for Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pharmacological Rationale, Delivery Barriers, and Translational Opportunities.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Research progress on the mechanisms of mucus retention after mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The challenges and strategies for navigatingTheranostics · 2026Review
- Inhalable extracellular vesicles as cell-free therapeutics for chronic respiratory disease.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Thixo-viscoelastoplastic rheological characterisation of human mucus using a multimode BMP constitutive equation approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances in Inhaled Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Pulmonary Disease Management.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Revolutionizing antibiotic therapy: Polymyxin B and FeJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Article
- Clinical and Radiological Evolution of Bronchiectasis Treated with Long-Term High Flow Nasal Therapy: The Impact of HFT on the Progression of Bronchiectasis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Airway mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel that provides a defensive physical barrier and shields the airway epithelium by trapping inhaled foreign pathogens and facilitating their removal via mucociliary clearance (MCC). In patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, and asthma, an increase in crosslinking and physical entanglement of mucin polymers as well as mucus dehydration often alters and typically reduces mucus mesh network pore size, which reduces neutrophil migration, decreases pathogen capture, sustains bacterial infection, and accelerates lung function decline. Conventional aerosol particles containing hydrophobic drugs are rapidly captured and removed by MCC. Therefore, it is critical to design aerosol delivery systems with the appropriate size and surface chemistry that can improve drug retention and absorption with the goal of increased efficacy. Biodegradable muco-adhesive particles (MAPs) and muco-penetrating particles (MPPs) have been engineered to achieve effective pulmonary delivery and extend drug residence time in the lungs. MAPs can be used to target mucus as they get trapped in airway mucus by steric obstruction and/or adhesion. MPPs avoid muco-adhesion and are designed to have a particle size smaller than the mucus network, enhancing lung retention of particles as well as transport to the respiratory epithelial layer and drug absorption. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the composition of airway mucus, rheological characteristics of airway mucus in healthy and diseased subjects, the most recent techniques to study the flow dynamics and particle diffusion in airway mucus (in particular, multiple particle tracking, MPT), and the advancements in engineering MPPs that have contributed to improved airway mucus penetration, lung distribution, and retention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.