ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2023
Language Exposure for Preterm Infants is Reduced Relative to Fetuses.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recorded Contingent Caregiver Voice Independently Improves Neural Speech Processing in Hospitalized Preterm Infants: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Language and sound exposure across neonatal intensive care hospitalization and relationships with early outcome.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Evolution of the auditory environment of very preterm infants before term-equivalent age in relation to room type and parental presence.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Assessing the Impact of a NICU Book Cart on Staff and Caregiver Speech to Very Preterm Infants.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The auditory environment drives superior temporal sulcus depth in the neonatal period.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Parents' Speech in the NICU and Language Development of Very Preterm Children at 12 and 24 Months.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Functional connectivity of the superior temporal sulcus at term-equivalent age: effects of gestational age and sex.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Investigation of mothers' elicited infant-directed speech and singing for preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Listening to mom in the neonatal intensive care unit: a randomized trial of increased maternal speech exposure on white matter connectivity in infants born preterm.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- The road to sensory deprivation in the NICU is paved with good intentions: defining an optimal environment of care.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Exposure to the parents' speech is positively associated with preterm infant's face preference.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Language performance and brain volumes, asymmetry, and cortical thickness in children born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Early parental vocal contact in neonatal units: rationale and clinical guidelines for implementation.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- An Animal Model of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Exposure to Light and Sound in the Preterm Infant.Integrative and comparative biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess changes and deficits in language and auditory exposures consequent to preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit stay compared with exposures in utero among typically developing fetuses. STUDY
designWe analyzed over 23 000 hours of auditory exposure data in a cohort study of 27 typically-developing fetuses and 24 preterm infants. Extrauterine exposures for fetuses were captured by having pregnant women wear 24-hour audio recording devices. For preterm infants, recording devices were placed in the infant's crib. Multilevel linear regressions were conducted to test for group differences and effects of infant sex, maternal education, and mother' occupation. A linear mixed-effects model was used to test for an effect of speaker gender.
resultsFetuses were exposed to an estimated 2.6 ± 1.8 hours/day of nearby, predominantly female language, nearly 5 times greater than 32 ± 12 minutes/day estimated for preterm infants (P < .001). Preterm infants had greater daily exposure to electronic sounds (5.1 ± 2.5 vs 1.3 ± 0.6 hours; P < .001) and noise (4.4 ± 2.1 vs 2.9 ± 2.8 hours; P < .05), with 4.7 ± 3.9 hours/day of silence. Language and extrauterine sound exposure for fetuses showed a marked day/night cyclical pattern, with low exposure during nighttime hours, but preterm infants' exposures showed significantly less change across the 24-hour cycle (P < .001). Maternal occupation requiring frequent communication predicted greater language exposure (P < .05).
conclusionsOur findings provide the first comparison of preterm infant auditory exposures to typically-developing fetuses. Some preterm infants may incur deficits of over 150 hours of language exposure over the preterm period. Given known effects of prenatal/preterm language exposure on neurobehavioral outcomes, this magnitude of deficit is alarming.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.