ArticleCell2023
Human IRF1 governs macrophagic IFN-γ immunity to mycobacteria.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
16.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies syndrome and opportunistic infections: systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic, immunologic, and clinical features of 830 patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD): A systematic review.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Human inborn errors of the phagocyte respiratory burst: Chronic granulomatous disease and beyond.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Mediastinal lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex in children: a rare case of airway compression.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Synergistic interaction between the macrophage polarizing signals IL-4 and IFNγ is controlled by the STAT6/STAT1/IRF1 axis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Multi-level transcriptional control of specific macrophage responses.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Humans homozygous for rare or common hypomorphic IL23R variants are prone to tuberculosis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Harnessing intermediate-scale bioreactors for next-generation macrophage production and application.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- IRF1 regulates apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ameliorates osteoporosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Human inherited RORγT deficiency encompasses genetic heterogeneity, T cell deficiency, and clinical homogeneity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- An immunogenomic classification of solid tumours reveals subtype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities for immunotherapy.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- A STAT1/ETC/GBP1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for noncommunicable granulomatous skin disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- Toward a monogenic architecture of human infections: From 1996 to 2026.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Adult Onset of MSMD Caused by IL-12Rβ1 Variants: Report of a Young Woman with NTM Infection Lacking Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced Diseases.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Ancient DNA reveals that natural selection has upregulated the immune system over the last 10,000 years.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reinforced immunotherapy of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes with CEL on TNBC via regulating macrophage functions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- IFN-γ-induced trained immunity enhances killing of priority pathogens in healthy and genetically vulnerable individuals.JCI insight · 2026Article
- IFNγ-induced IRF1 synergizes with TLR7 signals to tune the IRF4-IRF8 axis and drive pathogenic effector B cell fate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rare epigenetic alterations are conserved across hematopoietic differentiation stages after mycobacterial infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
85 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Jérémie RosainLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: jeremie.rosain@institutimagine.org.
Anna-Lena NeehusLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Jérémy ManryLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Rui YangSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Jérémie Le PenLaboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Wassim DaherInfectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm, IRIM, CNRS, UMR9004, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Zhiyong LiuSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Yi-Hao ChanSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Natalia TahuilDepartment of Immunology, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, San Miguel de Tucuman, T4000 Tucuman, Argentina.
Özden TürelDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, 34093 İstanbul, Turkey.
Mathieu BourgeyDahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Computation Genomics, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
Masato OgishiSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Jean-Marc DoisneInnate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.
Helena M IzquierdoInstitut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, 75005 Paris, France.
Takayoshi ShirasakiDepartment of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA.
Tom Le VoyerLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Antoine GuérinGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Paul BastardLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.
Marcela Moncada-VélezSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Ji Eun HanSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Taushif KhanDepartment of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Franck RapaportSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Seon-Hui HongLaboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Andrew CheungLaboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Kathrin HaakeInstitute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Barbara C MindtDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
Laura PérezDepartment of Immunology and Rheumatology, "J. P. Garrahan" National Hospital of Pediatrics, C1245 CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Quentin PhilippotLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Danyel LeeLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Peng ZhangSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Darawan RinchaiSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Fatima Al AliDepartment of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Manar Mahmoud Ahmad AtaDepartment of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Mahbuba RahmanDepartment of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Jessica N PeelSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Søren HeisselProteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Henrik MolinaProteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Yasemin Kendir-DemirkolSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Genetics, 34764 İstanbul, Turkey.
Rasheed BaileySt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Shuxiang ZhaoSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Jonathan BohlenLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Mathieu ManciniDahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
Yoann SeeleuthnerLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Marie RoelensStudy Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France.
Lazaro LorenzoLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Camille SoudéeLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
María Elvira Josefina PazDepartment of Pediatric Pathology, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, San Miguel de Tucuman, T4000 Tucuman, Argentina.
María Laura GonzálezCentral Laboratory, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, San Miguel de Tucuman, T4000 Tucuman, Argentina.
Mohamed JeljeliCochin University Hospital, Biological Immunology Unit, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
Jean SoulierInserm/CNRS U944/7212, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; Hematology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France; National Reference Center for Bone Marrow Failures, Saint-Louis and Robert Debré Hospitals, 75010 Paris, France.
Serge RomanaRare Disease Genomic Medicine Department, Paris Cité University, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.
Anne-Sophie L'HonneurDepartment of Virology, Paris Cité University, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France.
Marie MaternaLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Rubén Martínez-BarricarteDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Mathieu PochonLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Carmen Oleaga-QuintasLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Alexandre MichevLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Mélanie MigaudLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
Romain LévyLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.
Marie-Alexandra AlyanakianImmunology Laboratory, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
Flore RozenbergDepartment of Virology, Paris Cité University, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France.
Carys A CroftInnate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France.
Guillaume VogtInserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France.
Jean-François EmilePathology Department, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, AP-HP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Laurent KremerInfectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm, IRIM, CNRS, UMR9004, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Cindy S MaGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Jörg H FritzDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
Stanley M LemonDepartment of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA.
András N SpaanSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Nicolas ManelInstitut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, 75005 Paris, France.
Laurent AbelLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Margaret R MacDonaldLaboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Stéphanie Boisson-DupuisLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Nico MarrDepartment of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
Stuart G TangyeGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
James P Di SantoInnate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.
Qian ZhangLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Shen-Ying ZhangLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Charles M RiceLaboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Vivien BéziatLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Nico LachmannInstitute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
David LanglaisDahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
Jean-Laurent CasanovaLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: casanova@rockefeller.edu.
Philippe GrosDahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
Jacinta BustamanteLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: jacinta.bustamante@inserm.fr.
Inserm · FRRockefeller University · USCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRUniversité Paris Cité · FRGarvan Institute of Medical Research · AUMcGill University Health Centre · CACentro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán · ARDélégation Paris 5 · FRMcGill Genome Centre · CAMedizinische Hochschule Hannover · DEUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · FRBezmiâlem Vakıf Üniversitesi · TRGarrahan Hospital · ARHamad bin Khalifa University · QAHôpital Cochin · FRHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades · FRHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USOntario Genomics · CAÜmraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi · TR
Funding
Developing, Demonstrating, and Disseminating Innovative Programs to Achieve Translational SuccessUL1TR001866 · NCATS · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI COLLER, BARRY, KRUEGER, JAMES G · 2016 to 2025
$40.6MYale Center for Mendelian GenomicsUM1HG006504 · NHGRI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GERSTEIN, MARK BENDER, GUNEL, MURAT · 2016 to 2020
$14.8MPharmacology & ImmunoPathology (PIP) CoreU19AI162568 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI FITZGERALD, DANIEL W · 2021 to 2025
$13.0MMonogenic basis of resistance to SARS-CoV2 and predisposition to severe COVID-19R01AI088364 · NIAID · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jean-Laurent Casanova, Shen-Ying Zhang · 2010 to 2026
$8.7MType I interferon-stimulated genes and the antiviral immune responseR01AI091707 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI RICE, CHARLES M · 2011 to 2020
$5.5MNHGRI Genome Sequencing Program Coordinating CenterU24HG008956 · NHGRI · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI BUYSKE, STEVEN G, MATISE, TARA C. · 2016 to 2020
$4.9MMembrane Hijacking: Biogenesis and Fate of Quasi-Enveloped HepatovirusR01AI103083 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI LEMON, STANLEY M. · 2012 to 2021
$4.0MInborn errors of immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19R01AI163029 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI CASANOVA, JEAN-LAURENT, ZHANG, QIAN · 2021 to 2025
$3.7MCritical Lipid Species in the Hepatovirus LifecycleR01AI150095 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI LEMON, STANLEY M. · 2020 to 2024
$2.6MGenome-Wide Dissection of Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial DiseaseR01AI095983 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI BUSTAMANTE, JACINTA, CASANOVA, JEAN-LAURENT · 2021 to 2025
$2.5MHigh Performance Computing Instrumentation for the Yale Center for Genome AnalysiS10OD018521 · OD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MANE, SHRIKANT M · 2015 to 2015
$890kCIHRHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG008956NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG006504NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI088364NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI091707NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI095983NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI103083NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150095NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI163029NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI162568NIH HHS S10 OD018521
Abstract
Inborn errors of human IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases, whereas inborn errors of IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity underlie viral diseases. Both types of IFNs induce the transcription factor IRF1. We describe unrelated children with inherited complete IRF1 deficiency and early-onset, multiple, life-threatening diseases caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria and related intramacrophagic pathogens. These children have no history of severe viral disease, despite exposure to many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which is life-threatening in individuals with impaired IFN-α/β immunity. In leukocytes or fibroblasts stimulated in vitro, IRF1-dependent responses to IFN-γ are, both quantitatively and qualitatively, much stronger than those to IFN-α/β. Moreover, IRF1-deficient mononuclear phagocytes do not control mycobacteria and related pathogens normally when stimulated with IFN-γ. By contrast, IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity to nine viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, is almost normal in IRF1-deficient fibroblasts. Human IRF1 is essential for IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity to mycobacteria, but largely redundant for IFN-α/β-dependent antiviral immunity.
Indexed as
COVID-19MycobacteriumChildHumansInterferon-alphaInterferon-gammaInterferon Regulatory Factor-1SARS-CoV-2Interferon-alphaInterferon-gammaInterferon Regulatory Factor-1IRF1 protein, humaninborn errors of immunityinterferon-stimulated geneinterferon-γIRF1macrophagesMycobacteriumviruses
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