Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2023
Effectiveness of Self-guided Tailored Implementation Strategies in Integrating and Embedding Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Mental Health Care: Results of a Multicenter Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
ImpleMentAll - Towards Evidence-based Tailored Implementation Strategies for eHealth
Towards Large-Scale Adaptation and Tailored Implementation of Primary Cancer Prevention Programs Across 9 Countries
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Role of recruitment bias in stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trials: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Scaling an intervention for the engagement of people with HIV who inject drugs into care in Viet Nam: an implementation-effectiveness, cluster-randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- The impact of a national transition of treatment platform on the acceptance of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy: A longitudinal study among Norwegian therapists.Internet interventions · 2026Article
- Identifying dissemination strategies for promoting adoption of digital health interventions in clinical settings: A convergent parallel study on text message support for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Implementing a multimodal lifestyle intervention for depression and overweight in primary and secondary care: protocol for an implementation study exploring what works, how, and under what conditions.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Participatory approaches for tailoring implementation strategies in healthcare settings: a scoping review of contemporary literature (2019-2024).Implementation science communications · 2026Review
- The PIECES multi-site comparative case study protocol: mixed methods implementation evaluation of adapting, implementing and tailoring primary cancer prevention programmes in diverse contexts.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Topics for implementation research: Implementation researchers' and practitioners' views in The Netherlands.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Innovations to improve outcomes and uptake of psychotherapies for mental disorders: a state-of-the-art review.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- A pre-treatment comparison of referral pathways to guided ICBT for depression and anxiety disorders - A naturalistic study in routine clinical care.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- The perceived fit of guided iCBT in specialised mental healthcare services: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Article
- Applied methods for matching implementation strategies to determinants: a scoping review of scientific and grey literature, and qualitative exploration of practice experiences.Implementation science : IS · 2025Article
- Therapist characteristics and acceptance of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy: A national cross-sectional survey using the technology acceptance model after ten years of iCBT in Norway.Internet interventions · 2025Article
- Tailored implementation of a behaviour change intervention for post-stroke physical activity: A mixed-methods feasibility study.Clinical rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Key questions to ask before implementing a Digital Mental Health Service (DMHS): A primer for policy makers.Internet interventions · 2025Review
- The evolving field of digital mental health: current evidence and implementation issues for smartphone apps, generative artificial intelligence, and virtual reality.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Teen Perspectives on Integrating Digital Mental Health Programs for Teens Into Public Libraries ("I Was Always at the Library"): Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Evaluating a Virtual Community-of-Practice as Implementation Strategy for the Needs Assessment Framework in Intellectual Disability Care: A Quasi-Experimental Multi-Methods Study.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
40 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInternet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) services for common mental health disorders have been found to be effective. There is a need for strategies that improve implementation in routine practice. One-size-fits-all strategies are likely to be ineffective. Tailored implementation is considered as a promising approach. The self-guided integrated theory-based Framework for intervention tailoring strategies toolkit (ItFits-toolkit) supports local implementers in developing tailored implementation strategies. Tailoring involves identifying local barriers; matching selected barriers to implementation strategies; developing an actionable work plan; and applying, monitoring, and adapting where necessary.
objectiveThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit with implementation-as-usual (IAU) in implementing iCBT services in 12 routine mental health care organizations in 9 countries in Europe and Australia.
methodsA stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design with repeated measures was applied. The trial period lasted 30 months. The primary outcome was the normalization of iCBT delivery by service providers (therapists, referrers, IT developers, and administrators), which was measured with the Normalization Measure Development as a proxy for implementation success. A 3-level linear mixed-effects modeling was applied to estimate the effects. iCBT service uptake (referral and treatment completion rates) and implementation effort (hours) were used as secondary outcomes. The perceived satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), usability (System Usability Scale), and impact of the ItFits-toolkit by implementers were used to assess the acceptability of the ItFits-toolkit.
resultsIn total, 456 mental health service providers were included in this study. Compared with IAU, the ItFits-toolkit had a small positive statistically significant effect on normalization levels in service providers (mean 0.09, SD 0.04; P=.02; Cohen d=0.12). The uptake of iCBT by patients was similar to that of IAU. Implementers did not spend more time on implementation work when using the ItFits-toolkit and generally regarded the ItFits-toolkit as usable and were satisfied with it.
conclusionsThe ItFits-toolkit performed better than the usual implementation activities in implementing iCBT services in routine practice. There is practical utility in the ItFits-toolkit for supporting implementers in developing and applying effective tailored implementation strategies. However, the effect on normalization levels among mental health service providers was small. These findings warrant modesty regarding the effectiveness of self-guided tailored implementation of iCBT services in routine practice.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03652883; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03652883. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-04686-4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.