ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2023
Concurrence of water and food insecurities, 25 low- and middle-income countries.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- People without clean drinking water face increased food insecurity and food safety threats.Nature food · 2026Article
- A lack of clean drinking water is associated with lacking food and experiencing food safety threats in 121 countries across the globe.Nature food · 2026Article
- Poor Water Quality and Food Insecurity in Ecuador: Disparities in Exposure and Associations With Young Child Feeding Practices.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Aging under scarcity and insecurity: chronic disease, functional limitation, and basic need material insecurity among older adults in Haiti.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Implications of water insecurity for food practices and health in contexts of migration and displacement: evidence from the US-Mexico borderlands.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Water Insecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales are suitable for use in high-income settings: findings from cognitive interviews and nationally representative surveys.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- The Water Insecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales are suitable for use in high-income settings: findings from cognitive interviews and nationally representative surveys.Research square · 2025Article
- Interacting Water Insecurity and Food Insecurity: Recent Advances in Theory and Application.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Food and Water Insecurity and Functional Disability in Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Household water security is a mediator of household food security in a nationally representative sample of Mexico.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Food insecurity and water insecurity measurement in Brazil: Sustainable Development Goals monitoring through experiential scales.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Implementation Lessons of a Water Insecurity Intervention During a Drought in Mexico.Annals of global health · 2025Article
- The GBD 2021 perspective: COVID-19's impact on diarrheal mortality and etiological trends, 1990-2021.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Household food and water insecurity and its association with diarrhoea, respiratory illness, and stunting in Ecuadorian children under 5 years.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Predicting poor mental health among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nested cross-sectional study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Trends and disparities in concurrent tap water avoidance and household food insecurity among US children.Nature water · 2024Article
- Frequency and perceived difficulty of household water experiences in Morogoro, Tanzania: Evidence of the psychosocial burden of water insecurity.SSM. Mental health · 2024Article
- [Food insecurity and household water insecurity: a population-based study in a municipality in the Amazon River basin, Brazil].Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Changing climates, compounding challenges: a participatory study on how disasters affect the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people in Fiji.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Frontiers of household water insecurity metrics: severity, adaptation and resilience.BMJ global health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate how water and food insecurity were associated in nationally representative samples of individuals from 25 low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We used data from the 2020 World Gallup Poll in which the Individual Water Insecurity Experiences Scale and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale had been administered to 31 755 respondents. These scales measure insecurity experiences in the previous 12 months. We classified individuals as water insecure if their score was ≥ 12 and food insecure if the Rasch probability parameter was ≥ 0.5. For estimating the proportions, we used projection weights. We estimated the relationships between binary and continuous measures of water insecurity and food insecurity for individuals within each country and region using multivariable logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for key socioeconomic characteristics including income, gender, age and education. Findings: Among the 18.3% of respondents who experienced water insecurity, 66.8% also experienced food insecurity. The likelihood of experiencing moderate-to-severe food insecurity was higher among respondents also experiencing water insecurity (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 2.69; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.43 to 2.98). Similar odds were found in Asia (aOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 2.04 to 4.25), Latin America (aOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.89), North Africa (aOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 2.17 to 3.93) and sub-Saharan Africa (aOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.40 to 3.06). Conclusion: Our results suggest that water insecurity should be considered when developing food and nutrition policies and interventions. However, more research is needed to understand the paths between these insecurities.
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