ReviewCureus2023
An Overview of the History, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Interventions of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of surgical interventions for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Polyphenol Supplementation in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Sphingosine 1-phosphate Modulators on Central Remyelination: A Systematic Review of Animal Models.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) on cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolomics in Multiple Sclerosis: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Perspectives-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer in multiple sclerosis patients following prolonged exposure to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Unlocking the healing power of Berberine: A promising aid for multiple sclerosis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Targeting Neurodegeneration With Naringenin: Mechanistic Perspectives and Therapeutic Implications.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Optimizing Rituximab Maintenance Therapy: Outcomes of Extended-Interval Dosing in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- Early-Age Cuprizone Exposure Induces Region-Specific Demyelination and Neuroinflammation in Mice.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- C-Reactive Protein and Neurological Autoimmune Diseases: Bridging the Diagnostic and Pathogenic Gap.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Encephalitis: Bridging Biological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Factors.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Effects of disease-modifying drugs on serum neurofilament light chain, chitinase-3-like-1 protein levels, and selected plasmacytoid dendritic cell biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Cell Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives from Clinical Studies-A Systematic Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Linking Nutrients to Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Biological Evidence and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Anti-inflammatory potential of royal jelly in multiple sclerosis disease: a double randomized clinical trial.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-inflammatory disease that attacks and damages myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and causes nontraumatic neurological impairment in young people. Historically, Lidwina of Schiedam documented the first MS case. After that, Augustus d'Este wrote for years about how his MS symptoms worsened. Age, sex, genetics, environment, smoking, injuries, and infections, including herpes simplex and rabies, are risk factors for MS. According to epidemiology, the average age of onset is between 20 and 40 years. MS is more prevalent in women and is common in Europe and America. As diagnostic methods and criteria change, people with MS may be discovered at earlier and earlier stages of the disease. MS therapy has advanced dramatically due to breakthroughs in our knowledge of the disease's etiology and progression. Therefore, the efficacy and risk of treatment medications increased exponentially. Management goals include reducing lesion activity and avoiding secondary progression. Current treatment approaches focus on managing acute episodes, relieving symptoms, and reducing biological activity. Disease-modifying drugs such as fingolimod, interferon-beta, natalizumab, and dimethyl fumarate are the most widely used treatments for MS. For proof of the efficacy and safety of these medications, investigations in the real world are necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.