ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
Breastfeeding difficulties in the first 6 weeks postpartum among mothers with chronic conditions: a latent class analysis.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- LATCH score and 6-month exclusive breastfeeding in a Baby-Friendly Hospital.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Observational
- Development and internal validation of an interpretable machine learning model using first-24-h postpartum nursing variables to predict delayed lactogenesis II after cesarean delivery.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- LATCH Score for the Identification and Correction of Breastfeeding Problems: A Prospective Observational Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Exploring Breastfeeding Practices and Obstacles Among Mothers With and Without Congenital Heart Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing Breastfeeding Outcomes: Nurse-Led Interventions in Breast Hygiene for Primigravida Mothers-A Mixed-Methods Analysis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Higher quality nutrition care process documentation predicts nutrition diagnosis improvement in the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics breastfeeding registry study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Determinants of early lactation failure in mothers of moderately preterm neonates: a multilevel analysis of survey data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Topical review: Lactation and use of DMTs in women with MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Review
- A co-designed evaluation study to identify Breastfeeding Knowledge of General Practitioners' and Practice Nurses'.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- The Fundamentals of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management in Pregnancy: A Practical Review for the Gastroenterologist.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding difficulties frequently exacerbate one another and are common reasons for curtailed breastfeeding. Women with chronic conditions are at high risk of early breastfeeding cessation, yet limited evidence exists on the breastfeeding difficulties that co-occur in these mothers. The objective of this study was to explore clusters of breastfeeding difficulties experienced up to 6 weeks postpartum among mothers with chronic conditions and to examine associations between chronic condition types and breastfeeding difficulty clusters.
methodsWe analyzed 348 mothers with chronic conditions enrolled in a prospective, community-based pregnancy cohort study from Alberta, Canada. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires. We used latent class analysis to identify clusters of early breastfeeding difficulties and multinomial logistic regression to examine whether types of chronic conditions were associated with these clusters, adjusting for maternal and obstetric factors.
resultsWe identified three clusters of breastfeeding difficulties. The "physiologically expected" cluster (51.1% of women) was characterized by leaking breasts and engorgement (reference outcome group); the "low milk production" cluster (15.4%) was discerned by low milk supply and infant weight concerns; and the "ineffective latch" cluster (33.5%) involved latch problems, sore nipples, and difficulty with positioning. Endocrine (adjusted relative risk ratio [RRR] 2.34, 95% CI 1.10-5.00), cardiovascular (adjusted RRR 2.75, 95% CI 1.01-7.81), and gastrointestinal (adjusted RRR 2.51, 95% CI 1.11-5.69) conditions were associated with the low milk production cluster, and gastrointestinal (adjusted RRR 2.44, 95% CI 1.25-4.77) conditions were additionally associated with the ineffective latch cluster.
conclusionHalf of women with chronic conditions experienced clusters of breastfeeding difficulties corresponding either to low milk production or to ineffective latch in the first 6 weeks postpartum. Associations with chronic condition types suggest that connections between lactation physiology and disease pathophysiology should be considered when providing breastfeeding support.
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