ArticleNature communications2023
SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity following different combinations of vaccination and breakthrough infection.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of a booster dose of aerosolized or intramuscular adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults: a multicenter, partially randomized, platform trial in China.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Durability and Breadth of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Following XBB.1.5 Vaccination in a Multiply Exposed Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Coordinated immune response distinguishes duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral particle shedding in humans.iScience · 2026Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly olive oil intake, and metabolic health parameters are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced IgG responses.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Characteristics of humoral and T-cell immune responses in people living with HIV after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during December 2022 to January 2023.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Distinct features of humoral and cellular immunity against Omicron breakthrough infection among chronic liver disease patients: An experience from a follow-up cohort.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Impaired serum neutralization and death in Omicron-infected critically ill patients: insights from the French SEVARVIR prospective, multicenter cohort study.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2025Article
- Third exposure to COVID-19 infection or vaccination differentially impacts T cell responses.The Journal of infection · 2025Observational
- Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses as a function of multiple COVID-19 boosters.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Prior vaccination prevents overactivation of innate immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough infection.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies protect against human adenovirus type 55 infection in transgenic mice and tree shrews.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Effect of XBB.1.5-adapted booster vaccination on the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Reconstructed influenza A/H3N2 infection histories reveal variation in incidence and antibody dynamics over the life course.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Sequence Matters: Primary COVID-19 Vaccination after Infection Elicits Similar Anti-spike Antibody Levels, but Stronger Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity than Breakthrough Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Understanding antibody magnitude and durability following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.Mathematical biosciences · 2024Article
- Hybrid Immunity and SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Results of the HEROES-RECOVER Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Humoral and cellular immune responses following Omicron BA.2.2 breakthrough infection and Omicron BA.5 reinfection.iScience · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections enhance T cell response magnitude, breadth, and epitope repertoire.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is becoming increasingly complex with individuals receiving a different number of vaccine doses paired with or without recovery from breakthrough infections with different variants. Here we analyze the immunity of individuals that initially received two doses of mRNA vaccine and either received a booster vaccination, recovered from a breakthrough infection, or both. Our data suggest that two vaccine doses and delta breakthrough infection or three vaccine doses and optionally omicron or delta infection provide better B cell immunity than the initial two doses of mRNA vaccine with or without alpha breakthrough infection. A particularly potent B cell response against the currently circulating omicron variant (B. 1.1.529) was observed for thrice vaccinated individuals with omicron breakthrough infection; a 46-fold increase in plasma neutralization compared to two vaccine doses (p < 0.0001). The T cell response after two vaccine doses is not significantly influenced by additional antigen exposures. Of note, individuals with hybrid immunity show better correlated adaptive immune responses compared to those only vaccinated. Taken together, our data provide a detailed insight into SARS-CoV-2 immunity following different antigen exposure scenarios.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.