ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2023
The Neural Basis for Biased Behavioral Responses Evoked by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Primates.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galvanic vestibular stimulation promotes visuospatial cognitive recovery in acute unilateral vestibulopathy via targeted neural modulation: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Electrical vestibular stimulation to improve balance in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Polarity-Dependent Effects of Sinusoidal Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Cardiovascular Responses During Cognitive Load.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Motion sensations, postural sway, and side effects for copolar galvanic vestibular stimulation.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Quantifying Changes in Balance, Gait, Fall Risk, and Sensory Reweighting in Older Adults Following Multi-Session Electrical Vestibular Stimulation Therapy.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Galvanic vestibular stimulation alters the sense of upright.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Head kinematic variability is minimal near preferred cadence and independent of the vestibular control of locomotion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Balance control threshold to vestibular stimuli.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Validating sensory conflict theory and mitigating motion sickness in humans with galvanic vestibular stimulation.Communications engineering · 2025Article
- A wide-ranging review of galvanic vestibular stimulation: from its genesis to basic science and clinical applications.Experimental brain research · 2025Review
- Exploring GVS as a display modality: cutaneous sensations and cue association maintenance.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- A review of parameter settings for galvanic vestibular stimulation in clinical applications.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Review
- Human perception of self-motion and orientation during galvanic vestibular stimulation and physical motion.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Vestibulospinal reflexes elicited with a tone burst method are dependent on spatial orientation.PeerJ · 2024Article
- Real-world characterization of vestibular contributions during locomotion.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cortical processing for the vestibular and visual input of egomotion in macaque monkeys: Separate networks with targeted convergence.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Noninvasive electrical stimulation of the vestibular system in humans has become an increasingly popular tool with a broad range of research and clinical applications. However, common assumptions regarding the neural mechanisms that underlie the activation of central vestibular pathways through such stimulation, known as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), have not been directly tested. Here, we show that GVS is encoded by VIIIth nerve vestibular afferents with nonlinear dynamics that differ markedly from those predicted by current models. GVS produced asymmetric activation of both semicircular canal and otolith afferents to the onset versus offset and cathode versus anode of applied current, that in turn produced asymmetric eye movement responses in three awake-behaving male monkeys. Additionally, using computational methods, we demonstrate that the experimentally observed nonlinear neural response dynamics lead to an unexpected directional bias in the net population response when the information from both vestibular nerves is centrally integrated. Together our findings reveal the neural basis by which GVS activates the vestibular system, establish that neural response dynamics differ markedly from current predictions, and advance our mechanistic understanding of how asymmetric activation of the peripheral vestibular system alters vestibular function. We suggest that such nonlinear encoding is a general feature of neural processing that will be common across different noninvasive electrical stimulation approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.