ArticleBMJ open2023
Demographic characteristics, long-term health conditions and healthcare experiences of 6333 trans and non-binary adults in England: nationally representative evidence from the 2021 GP Patient Survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender Diversity, Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence, and the Intersection with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Updated Scoping Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality among transgender and gender diverse people: a nationwide cohort study in Australia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Comparing Transgender Identities in the Census of Scotland and the Census of England and Wales.The British journal of sociology · 2026Article
- Sexual orientation, gender identity and cardiometabolic risk: a narrative review.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Provision of gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse adults: a systematic review of health and quality of life outcomes, values and preferences, and costs.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Transphobia in the United Kingdom: a public health crisis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Towards Best-Practice Healthcare for Transgender Patients: Quality Improvement in United Kingdom General Practice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Autistic and transgender/gender diverse people's experiences of health and healthcare.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Mental Health Disparities by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the All of Us Research Program.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Research methods at the intersection of gender diversity and autism: A scoping review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- Towards inclusive healthcare: evaluating knowledge, confidence and awareness of LGBTQ + health among Internal Medicine Trainees in London.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Using Routine Data to Improve Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Regional and Local Inequalities in Disability Status by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Analysis of the 2021 Census of England and Wales.Health equity · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive health in LGBTQIA+ older adults: current state of research and recommendations.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn order to address the lack of data on the health and healthcare needs of trans and non-binary adults, NHS England includes questions asking about both gender and trans status in its surveys to support quality improvement programmes.We used self-reported data from the GP Patient Survey to answer the research question: what are the demographic characteristics, health conditions and healthcare experiences of trans and non-binary adults in England? DESIGN/
settingNationally representative, population-based cross-sectional survey in England with survey data collection from January to March 2021.
participants840 691 survey respondents including 6333 trans and non-binary adults. OUTCOMES: We calculated weighted descriptive statistics, and using logistic regression explored 15 long-term physical and mental health conditions, and 18 patient experience items, covering overall experience, access, communication and continuity.
resultsTrans and non-binary adults were younger, more likely to be from Asian, black, mixed or other ethnic groups and more likely to live in more deprived parts of the country. Age-specific patterns of long-term conditions were broadly similar among trans and non-binary adults compared with all other survey respondents, with some variation by condition. Overall, inequalities in long-term health conditions were largest for autism: OR (95% CI), 5.8 (5.0 to 6.6), dementia: 3.1 (2.5 to 3.9), learning disabilities: 2.8 (2.4 to 3.2) and mental health: 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2), with variation by age. In healthcare experience, disparities are much greater for interpersonal communication (OR for reporting a positive experience, range 0.4 to 0.7 across items) than access (OR range 0.8 to 1.2). Additionally, trans and non-binary adults report much higher preference for continuity 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8), with no evidence of any differences in being able to see or speak to a preferred general practitioner.
conclusionThis research adds up to date evidence about population demographics, health and healthcare needs to support healthcare improvement for trans and non-binary adults.
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