ArticlePloS one2023
Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder visiting a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic dysfunction: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.iScience · 2026Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms of Neuron-Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk, HPA Axis Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Perspective.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Research Progress on Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in PTSD.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Post traumatic stress disorder associated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and physical illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Review
- Parental Preconception Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Maternal Prenatal Inflammation Prospectively Predict Shorter Telomere Length in Children.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Innate and adaptive immune system consequences of post-traumatic stress disorder.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2024Review
- Basal forebrain cholinergic systems as circuits through which traumatic stress disrupts emotional memory regulation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Longitudinal cytokine and multi-modal health data of an extremely severe ME/CFS patient with HSD reveals insights into immunopathology, and disease severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Role of the Adrenal-Gut-Brain Axis on Comorbid Depressive Disorder Development in Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Emphasizing the Crosstalk Between Inflammatory and Neural Signaling in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Review
- Metabolic and immune dysfunctions in post-traumatic stress disorder: what can we learn from animal models?EXCLI journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can occur after trauma. Although inflammatory markers such as cytokines are found altered in trauma and PTSD, there is no consensus regarding which can be considered as biomarkers. Studies from South Asia region is also rare. We studied cytokines among trauma affected patients and matched healthy controls. Fifty patients (cases) with trauma, visiting the University hospital in Kathmandu and thirty-nine healthy controls were selected, and the levels of cytokines were determined using a Luminex IS 200. We compared the levels of the cytokines in thirty-four age and gender matched pairs of case and control among three groups: healthy volunteers, cases diagnosed as PTSD, and cases without PTSD. Among the 34 pair-matched cases and controls, IL-6 was significantly higher in both PTSD positive cases [2.43 (0.00-14.54) pg/ml; p = 0.004] and PTSD negative cases [3.00 (0.92-3.86) pg/ml; p = 0.005], than in controls [0.39 (0.00-11.38) pg/ml]. IL-1β was significantly higher in PTSD positive cases [0.17 (0.00-5.27) pg/ml; p = 0.011] than in controls 0.00 (0.00-0.12) pg/ml. Other cytokines did not show significant differences. IL-6 was higher in both the trauma affected groups and IL-1β was higher in the trauma affected group with PTSD when compared to healthy controls. This supports the immune system activation hypothesis after trauma.
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