ArticlePharmacoEconomics2023
Informal Care Costs According to Age and Proximity to Death to Support Cost-Effectiveness Analyses.
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Policy Progress in Using Economic Policy Instruments to Improve Nutrition: Challenges and Opportunities.Health economics · 2026Review
- Measuring and valuing spillover effects in caregivers and families: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- Value is Gendered: The Need for Sex and Gender Considerations in Health Economic Evaluations.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- The impact of different perspectives on the cost-effectiveness of remote patient monitoring for patients with heart failure in different European countries.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- COMPAR-EU Recommendations on Self-Management Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCosts of informal care are ignored in many cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) conducted from a societal perspective; however, these costs are relevant for lifesaving interventions targeted at the older population. In this study, we estimated informal care costs by age and proximity to death across European regions and showed how these estimates can be included in CEAs.
methodsWe estimated informal care costs by age and proximity to death using generalised linear mixed-effects models. For this, we selected deceased singles from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement, which we grouped by four European regions. We combined the estimates of informal care costs with life tables to illustrate the impact of including informal care costs on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of a hypothetical intervention that prevents a death at different ages.
resultsInformal care use, and hence informal care costs, increase when approaching death and with increasing age. The impact of including informal care costs on the ICER varies between €200 and €17,700 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. The impact increases with age and is stronger for women and in southern European countries.
conclusionOur estimates of informal care costs facilitate including informal care costs in CEAs of life-extending healthcare interventions. Including these costs may influence decisions as it leads to reranking of life-extending interventions compared with interventions improving quality of life.
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Registered trials
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