ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2023
4D Printing of Humidity-Driven Seed Inspired Soft Robots.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmable 4D printing of sustainable multifunctional photoresins with tissue-matched mechanics for interfacial tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Soft Robots Powered by Sustainable Energy.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Light driven polymer thin films as flying robotic chips in the sky.Lab on a chip · 2026Review
- Ecosystem-Centered Robot Design: Toward Ecoresorbable Sustainability Robots (ESRs).Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Discrete Actuation of Water-Responsive Crystalline Metal-Peptide Frameworks.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Programmable and Reversible 3D-to-3D Shape Transformation: Hierarchical Multimodal Morphing Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Thermally Actuated Soft Robotics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Programmable seconds-to-days-long delayed snapping in jumping metashells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- An Ultra-Fast Rolling Double-Helical Robot Driven by Constant Humidity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Hydrogel-Based Continuum Soft Robots.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Biodegradable, Porous Flier Inspired by a Parachute-Like Tragopogon Fruit for Environmental Preservation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Photochemically responsive polymer films enable tunable gliding flights.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Soft Robots with Plant-Inspired Gravitropism Based on Fluidic Liquid Metal.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Direct 4D printing of ceramics driven by hydrogel dehydration.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A Printable Magnetic-Responsive Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (ION)-Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Ink for Soft Bioactuator/Robot Applications.Polymers · 2023Article
- 4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- A printed luminescent flier inspired by plant seeds for eco-friendly physical sensing.Science advances · 2023Article
- 4D Printing of Humidity-Driven Seed Inspired Soft Robots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Geraniaceae seeds represent a role model in soft robotics thanks to their ability to move autonomously across and into the soil driven by humidity changes. The secret behind their mobility and adaptivity is embodied in the hierarchical structures and anatomical features of the biological hygroscopic tissues, geometrically designed to be selectively responsive to environmental humidity. Following a bioinspired approach, the internal structure and biomechanics of Pelargonium appendiculatum (L.f.) Willd seeds are investigated to develop a model for the design of a soft robot. The authors exploit the re-shaping ability of 4D printed materials to fabricate a seed-like soft robot, according to the natural specifications and model, and using biodegradable and hygroscopic polymers. The robot mimics the movement and performances of the natural seed, reaching a torque value of ≈30 µN m, an extensional force of ≈2.5 mN and it is capable to lift ≈100 times its own weight. Driven by environmental humidity changes, the artificial seed is able to explore a sample soil, adapting its morphology to interact with soil roughness and cracks.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.