ArticleBMJ open2023
Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Prelacteal feeding practice and its associated factors in Afghanistan: insights from the 2022-2023 multiple indicator cluster survey.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Geographical inequalities in skin-to-skin contact after birth among women in Somaliland: a multilevel and spatial analysis of the 2020 survey.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact: an assessment from the 2017-18 BDHS data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Exploring the factors associated with prelacteal feeds in Papua New Guinea: a population-based survey.BMJ open · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding in highly disadvantaged districts in Pakistan.
designThis cross-sectional study design. SETTINGS: This study was carried out in twelve districts of the Sindh province of Pakistan.
participantsA total of 4800 mothers with children under 2 years, selected through a multistage random sampling method. DATA ANALYSIS: Bivariate association, survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard techniques), multivariate linear regression and the ordinary least square model were used.
resultsThe results show that the prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding was 68% and prelacteal feeding was 32%. Adequate treatment, proper guidance at antenatal care visits, postpartum health check, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional birth, skin-to-skin contact at birth and birth size were all associated with early breastfeeding initiation (p<0.001). The odds of early initiation of breast feeding after birth are higher if the respondents received proper guidance (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.11) or made skin-to-skin contact (OR 10.65; 95% CI 6.82 to 16.65). Bivariate association between the prelacteal feeding and a set of correlates suggests that all variables under study were significantly associated with the outcome variable of interest at a 95% or higher significance level. The factors which significantly reduced the odds of prelacteal feeding were adequate treatment (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.37) and postpartum health check (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.80).
conclusionSudy concludes that the correlates like adequate treatment of mothers during labour, postpartum health check-up, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional births and skin-to-skin contact between mother and the baby determine the early initiation of breast feeding and prelecteal feeding. Early initiation of breast feeding needs to be encouraged, and communities must be educated against the use of prelacteal feeding.
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