ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2023
Evaluating interpersonal discrimination and depressive symptoms as partial mediators of the effects of education on cognition: Evidence from the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does education promote resilience and brain health in those with exceptional longevity? The LifeAfter90 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Temporal trends and machine learning prediction of depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals: a national cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Invited commentary: improving spatial exposure data for everyone-life-course social context and ascertaining residential history.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Bidirectional association between depression and cognition in Chinese middle-aged and older women: a 10-year longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- School racial/ethnic composition, effect modification by caring teacher/staff presence, and mid-/late-life depressive symptoms: findings from the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionEducation is correlated with positive health outcomes, but associations are sometimes weaker among African Americans. The extent to which exposure to discrimination and depressive symptoms attenuates the education-cognition link has not been investigated.
methodsStudy of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) participants (n = 764; average age 69 years) completed the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales. We assessed everyday and major lifetime discrimination and depressive symptoms as mediators of education effects on cognition using G-estimation with measurement error corrections.
resultsEducation was correlated with greater major lifetime and everyday discrimination but lower depressive symptoms. Accounting for discrimination and depressive symptoms slightly reduced the estimated effect of education on cognition. The estimated total effect of graduate education (vs <Bachelor's) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62, 0.68), and the direct effect not mediated by discrimination or depressive symptoms was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.76). DISCUSSION: Education has robust effects on later-life cognition after controlling multiple mediating pathways and offsetting mechanisms.
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