ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2023
Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2014-2020.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023Guideline
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in 10 US States, 2004-2023.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Invasive group A streptococcal infections requiring paediatric intensive care in children and adolescents: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Austria.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasonality and Disease Severity Among Children Under 5 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 2018-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Before and after the bottleneck: pediatric group A streptococcal infections in Houston, TX, from 2013 to 2023.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- The rise and spread of invasiveMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Trends in Medication Use Among Young Adults and the Covid-19 Pandemic Effect.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Bacterial Meningitis in the Lombardy Region, Italy, from 2014 to 2024: An Observational, Retrospective Study.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States during 2008-2023: an analysis of active, laboratory, population-based, multistate surveillance data.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Trends in Incidence and Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children in China: a 6-year nationwide retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Alterations and Dynamics of Major Meningitis Etiological Agents During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections in Hospitalized Patients.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Frequency and Mortality of Adult Meningitis, Pneumonia, or Bacteremia in Colombia from 2015 to 2022: A Retrospective Database Study in a Health Maintenance Organization.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2025Article
- Analysis of the potentially pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infections in children per-, during and post-COVID-19: a retrospective study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on bacterial infections in children: an international electronic health record-based study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility among Chinese neonates from 2012 to 2021: a multicenter study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Local Genomic Surveillance of InvasiveInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Assessing the Impact of the 2020 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Case Definition for Pertussis on Reported Pertussis Cases.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDescriptions of changes in invasive bacterial disease (IBD) epidemiology during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States are limited.
methodsWe investigated changes in the incidence of IBD due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group A Streptococcus (GAS), and group B Streptococcus (GBS). We defined the COVID-19 pandemic period as 1 March to 31 December 2020. We compared observed IBD incidences during the pandemic to expected incidences, consistent with January 2014 to February 2020 trends. We conducted secondary analysis of a health care database to assess changes in testing by blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture during the pandemic.
resultsCompared with expected incidences, the observed incidences of IBD due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, GAS, and GBS were 58%, 60%, 28%, and 12% lower during the pandemic period of 2020, respectively. Declines from expected incidences corresponded closely with implementation of COVID-19-associated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Significant declines were observed across all age and race groups, and surveillance sites for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Blood and CSF culture testing rates during the pandemic were comparable to previous years.
conclusionsNPIs likely contributed to the decline in IBD incidence in the United States in 2020; observed declines were unlikely to be driven by reductions in testing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.