ArticleAIDS and behavior2023
Characterization of HIV-Related Stigma in Myanmar.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The burden of HIV-related stigma on clinical and quality of life outcomes: results from a systematic literature review.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2026Review
- Relationship between COVID-19 stigma and anxiety symptoms in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Manifestation and Markings of HIV Stigma in Indonesia: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Identifying barriers and facilitators to psychosocial care for people living with HIV in Ireland: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Characterizing HIV-related stigma and its impacts are important for interventions toward their elimination. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 to evaluate enacted and internalized stigma among adult people living with HIV (PLWH) across four cities in Myanmar using the India Stigma Index questionnaire. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine differences in measured enacted and internalized stigma outcomes. Among 1,006 participants, 89% reported any stigma indicator, 47% enacted stigma, and 87% internalized stigma. In regression analysis, city and duration of illness were associated with higher enacted stigma, and younger age was associated with higher internalized stigma. Those with HIV duration > 7.4 years had mean enacted stigma nearly 2 units higher than the overall mean. Internalized stigma increased with duration of illness and leveled off at 5 years. PLWH from smaller cities experienced lower stigma. In Myanmar, nearly 90% of PLWH experience stigma, results that reflect a unique transition point.
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