ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery2023
Engineering 3D Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds to Reconstruct Critical-Sized Calvaria Defects in a Skeletally Immature Pig Model.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Histological Evaluation of Collagen Matrix Architectures for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity: A Preclinical Canine Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cranial Defect Reconstruction With Custom 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Augmented With rhBMP-2 or Dipyridamole in a Nonhuman Primate Model.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Treatment of Bone Defects and Nonunion via Novel Delivery Mechanisms, Growth Factors, and Stem Cells: A Review.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Review
- Review
- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting: A Comprehensive Review for Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Translational Experimental Basis of Indirect Adenosine Receptor Agonist Stimulation for Bone Regeneration: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Three-Dimensional Printing Methods for Bioceramic-Based Scaffold Fabrication for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Tissue Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) of the Craniofacial Skeleton, Part I: Evolution and Optimization of 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Repair of Defects.The Journal of craniofacial surgery · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Printing Bioceramic Scaffolds Using Direct-Ink-Writing for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2023Review
- Revolutionizing bone regeneration: advanced biomaterials for healing compromised bone defects.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThree-dimensional printed bioceramic scaffolds composed of 100% β-tricalcium phosphate augmented with dipyridamole (3DPBC-DIPY) can regenerate bone across critically sized defects in skeletally mature and immature animal models. Before human application, safe and effective bone formation should be demonstrated in a large translational animal model. This study evaluated the ability of 3DPBC-DIPY scaffolds to restore critically sized calvarial defects in a skeletally immature, growing minipig.
methodsUnilateral calvarial defects (~1.4 cm) were created in 6-week-old Göttingen minipigs ( n = 12). Four defects were filled with a 1000 μm 3DPBC-DIPY scaffold with a cap (a solid barrier on the ectocortical side of the scaffold to prevent soft-tissue infiltration), four defects were filled with a 1000 μm 3DPBC-DIPY scaffold without a cap, and four defects served as negative controls (no scaffold). Animals were euthanized 12 weeks postoperatively. Calvariae were subjected to micro-computed tomography, 3D reconstruction with volumetric analysis, qualitative histologic analysis, and nanoindentation.
resultsScaffold-induced bone growth was statistically greater than in negative controls ( P ≤ 0.001), and the scaffolds with caps produced significantly more bone generation compared with the scaffolds without caps ( P ≤ 0.001). Histologic analysis revealed woven and lamellar bone with haversian canals throughout the regenerated bone. Cranial sutures were observed to be patent, and there was no evidence of ectopic bone formation or excess inflammatory response. Reduced elastic modulus and hardness of scaffold-regenerated bone were found to be statistically equivalent to native bone ( P = 0.148 for reduced elastic modulus of scaffolds with and without caps and P = 0.228 and P = 0.902 for hardness of scaffolds with and without caps, respectively).
conclusion3DPBC-DIPY scaffolds have the capacity to regenerate bone across critically sized calvarial defects in a skeletally immature translational pig model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study assessed the bone generative capacity of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds composed of 100% β-tricalcium phosphate and augmented with dipyridamole placed within critical-sized calvarial defects in a growing porcine model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.