ArticleJournal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie2023
Comparison of orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion prevalence according to KIG, ICON, and mIOTN in German 8- to 9-year-old children of the Sixth German Oral Health Study (DMS 6).
Article in Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Index for Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IPION): a scoping review.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Review
- Four years of free orthodontic care for vulnerable children: a community case study from the Caritas Dental Clinic in Rome.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of malocclusions requiring treatment according to the KIG classification : A multipart cross-sectional study over a 20-year period in the district of Viersen/North Rhine.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025Article
- Consensus on orthodontic treatment eligibility in Finnish health care system - A comparative analysis of assessment.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Orthodontic treatment needs in 10-12-year-old school children from Sulaimani City, Iraq: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Early orthodontic treatment need over a 10-year period and evaluation of short-term intervention stability.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Prevalence of KIG-grades 3-5 in an orthodontic practice in North Rhine Westphalia compared with results of the DMS•6 and with KZBV data.Head & face medicine · 2024Article
- Frequency and severity of malocclusions in patients with statutory health insurance in a German orthodontic practice in North Rhine Westphalia - a multi-part cross-sectional study over a 20-year period.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of the present study was to compare the malocclusion indices KIG (Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen, Orthodontic Indication Groups), ICON (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need), and mIOTN (modified Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) regarding differences in malocclusion prevalence and their assessment of orthodontic treatment need in German 8‑ to 9‑year-old children of the Sixth German Oral Health Study (Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie, DMS 6).
methodsThe necessary data for the calculation of the KIG, mIOTN, and ICON were collected by a dentist as part of a clinical orthodontic examination during the field phase of the DMS 6 and by a subsequent digital orthodontic model-analytical evaluation of intraoral scans of the dental arches and the occlusal situation in habitual occlusion.
resultsPrevalence, severity, and treatment need of tooth and jaw misalignments differed in part considerably depending on the index used for assessment. On the other hand, there were several outcomes which yielded quite similar results for the different indices used, such as orthodontic treatment need, which ranged from 40.4% (KIG) over 41.6% (ICON) to 44.2% (mIOTN). Interestingly, orthodontic treatment need for the individual subject could differ considerably, when assessed using different indices.
conclusionsIn general, the results show that the mIOTN is much more conservative in assessing malocclusion prevalences often being smaller than those derived by KIG or ICON. In contrast, KIG and ICON often yield similar prevalences with certain distinct differences due to discrepancies in the respective definitions and also clearly differentiate between treatment possibility and arbitrarily determined treatment need.
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