ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2023
Racial Disparities in Adversity During Childhood and the False Appearance of Race-Related Differences in Brain Structure.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural correlates of resilience to trauma during adolescence: A multi-modal study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Identification of comprehensive genetic factors, pathways, and shared genetic architecture of putamen volume in adolescent cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Structure-Function Decoupling of the Sensorimotor and Default Mode Networks in Black Americans With MS.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Demographics change the relationships between socioeconomic status, white matter network organization, and cognition in children.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- The association of adverse childhood experiences and life course relationship quality with late-life cognitive health: Moderation by race/ethnicity and gender.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Unsupervised Clustering Reveals Sociodemographic Determinants of Differential Brain Development During Adolescence.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Physical-Digital and social-nonsocial extracurricular engagement: differential effects on brain development and psychological outcomes in children.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Impact of adverse life experiences on pain, depression, anxiety, and comorbidities: a youth longitudinal sample.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Geographic Measures of Early Life-Course Social Exposome in the Evaluation of Structural Neuroanatomy: A Scoping Review.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Review
- Associations between amygdala connectivity and experienced discrimination in children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Considerations When Accounting for Race and Ethnicity in Studies of Poverty and Neurodevelopment.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Lifestyle and Transcriptional Signatures Associated with Ethnicity/Race-Related Variations in the Functional Connectome.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences Underlie Race-Related Differences in Neural Reactivity to Stress.Behavioural neurology · 2026Article
- Implementing a trauma-informed approach in a tiered model of pediatric population mental health care: a pilot study in primary and secondary care.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Adolescent Depressive Symptom Trajectories From Before to After the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Maternal Socioeconomic Opportunity and Race-Ethnicity Intersect to Influence Fetal Brain Volumes in Congenital Heart Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Missing data approaches for longitudinal neuroimaging research: Examples from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Association of social and environmental exposures at the neighborhood level with child brain volume.Environment international · 2025Article
- The evolving neurobiology of early-life stress.Neuron · 2025Review
- Modality-level obstacles and initiatives to improve representation in fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging research samples.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveBlack Americans in the United States are disproportionately exposed to childhood adversity compared with White Americans. Such disparities may contribute to race-related differences in brain structures involved in regulating the emotional response to stress, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The authors investigated neuroanatomical consequences of racial disparities in adversity.
methodsThe sample included 7,350 White American and 1,786 Black American children (ages 9-10) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (public data release 2.0). Structural MRI data, parent and child self-reports of adversity-related measures, and U.S. Census neighborhood data were used to investigate the relationship between racial disparities in adversity exposure and race-related differences in brain structure.
resultsBlack children experienced more traumatic events, family conflict, and material hardship on average compared with White children, and their parents or caregivers had lower educational attainment, lower income, and more unemployment compared with those of White children. Black children showed lower amygdala, hippocampus, and PFC gray matter volumes compared with White children. The volumes of the PFC and amygdala, but not the hippocampus, also varied with metrics of childhood adversity, with income being the most common predictor of brain volume differences. Accounting for differences in childhood adversity attenuated the magnitude of some race-related differences in gray matter volume.
conclusionsThe results suggest that disparities in childhood adversity contribute to race-related differences in gray matter volume in key brain regions associated with threat-related processes. Structural alterations of these regions are linked to cognitive-affective dysfunction observed in disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. More granular assessments of structural inequities across racial/ethnic identities are needed for a thorough understanding of their impact on the brain. Together, the present findings may provide insight into potential systemic contributors to disparate rates of psychiatric disease among Black and White individuals in the United States.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.