ArticleStem cell research & therapy2023
Tumor stemness score to estimate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterization and to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of KRT6A as a prognostic and immune biomarker.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- EMT and cancer: what clinicians should know.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- REPS2 attenuates cancer stemness through inhibiting Wnt signaling by autophagy mediated degradation of β-catenin.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Mechanism of SMYD2 promoting stemness maintenance of bladder cancer stem cells by regulating PYCR1 expression and PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway.International journal of oncology · 2025Article
- The Importance of Cancer Stem Cells and Their Pathways in Endometrial Cancer: A Narrative Review.Cells · 2025Review
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- Targeting PD-L1 with BMS-202 Enhances Antitumor Cytokine and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in C57BLx/6 Mouse Lung Carcinogenesis.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Application of artificial intelligence-based stemness index in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
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- The prognostic significance and clinical relevance of stem cell characteristic in bladder cancer.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Multi-omics evaluation of the prognostic value and immune signature of FCN1 in pan-cancer and its relationship with proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA growing number of investigations have suggested a close link between cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the relationships between these physiological processes in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) remain unclear.
methodsWe first explored biomarkers of tumor stemness (TS) by single-cell sequencing analysis. Then, subtypes of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) were identified using clustering analysis based on TS biomarkers. The TS score was constructed using principal component analysis to quantify tumor stemness in BLCA. Then, meta-analysis was performed to measure the hazard ratio of the TS score in BLCA cohorts. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical value of the TS score for predicting the response to tumor immunotherapy using immunotherapy cohorts. Finally, we built an EMT cell model by treating T24 cells with TGF-β and validated the relationship between the TS score and the EMT process in tumors by real-time quantitative PCR, cell invasion assays, and RNA-seq. In total, 3846 BLCA cells, 6 cell lines, 1627 BLCA samples, and 9858 samples from 32 other types of tumors were included in our study.
resultsThree TS clusters and two TS-related gene clusters were identified with differential EMT activity status, CSC features, and TME characteristics in BLCA. Then, a TS scoring system was established with 61 TS-related genes to quantify the TS. The prognostic value of the TS score was then confirmed in multiple independent cohorts. A high TS score was associated with high EMT activity, CSC characteristics, high stromal cell content, high TP53 mutation rate, poor prognosis, and high tumor immunotherapy tolerance. The cell line experiment and RNA-seq further validated that our TS score can reflect the EMT and CSC characterization of tumor cells.
conclusionOverall, this research provides a better understanding of tumor invasion and metastasis mechanisms through an analysis of TS patterns with different EMT processes and CSC characteristics. The TS score provides an index for EMT and CSC research and helps clinicians develop treatment plans and predict outcomes for patients.
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