ArticleBMC medicine2023
The effect of maternal BMI, smoking and alcohol on congenital heart diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- The Impact of Maternal Obesity and Diabetes on the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in Offspring: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Does Maternal Smoking Increase the Risk of Congenital Heart Disease? Insights from a Single-Center Fetal Echocardiography Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Heart Diseases: Multivariable and Mendelian Randomization Analyses Using 3 Birth Cohorts.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Exploring the causal association between congenital heart disease and stroke based on two-sample Mendelian randomization.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2025Article
- The impact of in utero tobacco exposure on smoking behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in adulthood: A UK Biobank study.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome worsens sarcopenia and reduces nutritional therapy benefits in advanced gastric cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Protocol for a prospective cohort study on congenital heart disease in neonates across varied altitudes in Sichuan province, China.PloS one · 2025Article
- [A case-control study on the associations of parental smoking and alcohol consumption during the periconceptional period and their interactions with risk of congenital heart disease in offspring].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Article
- Folic Acid and Selected Risk Factors for Fetal Heart Defects-Preliminary Study Results.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association of Maternal Dietary Habits and InfantNutrients · 2024Article
- Research Progress of Maternal Metabolism on Cardiac Development and Function in Offspring.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCongenital heart diseases (CHDs) remain a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have explored maternal risk factors for offspring CHDs, but few have used genetic epidemiology methods to improve causal inference.
methodsThree birth cohorts, including 65,510 mother/offspring pairs (N = 562 CHD cases) were included. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to explore the effects of genetically predicted maternal body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol on offspring CHDs. We generated genetic risk scores (GRS) using summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and validated the strength and relevance of the genetic instrument for exposure levels during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of CHD per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher GRS. Results for the three cohorts were combined using random-effects meta-analyses. We performed several sensitivity analyses including multivariable MR to check the robustness of our findings.
resultsThe GRSs associated with the exposures during pregnancy in all three cohorts. The associations of the GRS for maternal BMI with offspring CHD (pooled OR (95% confidence interval) per 1SD higher GRS: 0.95 (0.88, 1.03)), lifetime smoking (pooled OR: 1.01 (0.93, 1.09)) and alcoholic drinks per week (pooled OR: 1.06 (0.98, 1.15)) were close to the null. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.
conclusionsOur results do not provide robust evidence of an effect of maternal BMI, smoking or alcohol on offspring CHDs. However, results were imprecise. Our findings need to be replicated, and highlight the need for more and larger studies with maternal and offspring genotype and offspring CHD data.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.