ArticleBMC ophthalmology2023
Evaluation of meibomian gland dysfunction in type 2 diabetes with dry eye disease: a non-randomized controlled trial.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Ocular Surface: A Narrative Review of Restoration, Remodeling, and Clinical Implications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Intermittent fasting ameliorates diabetes-induced meibomian gland dysfunction in mice.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Tear Film Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Beyond the Surface: Revealing the Concealed Effects of Hyperglycemia on Ocular Surface Homeostasis and Dry Eye Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes of the lid margin, meibomian gland and tear film in dry eye patients: a cross-sectional study.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Corneal Epithelial Thickness Across Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Anterior Segment OCT.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Effect of Metformin on Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells: Implications in Aging and Diabetic Dry Eye Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on lid wiper epitheliopathy and ocular surface parameters.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dropout in Diabetic Patients with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons.Open life sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the morphology and physiological function of the meibomian glands between type 2 diabetics with dry eye disease (DED) and control subjects. Doing so will help to better reveal the pathologic mechanisms of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and DED in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsNinety subjects were divided into the following four groups: DM-DED group: T2DM patients with DED (n = 30); DM control group: DM patients without DED (n = 18); DED group: DED patients without DM (n = 26); and normal control group: normal subjects (n = 16). All participants administered the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive Keratograph tear film break-up time (NIKBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), eyelid margin abnormality examinations, meibum quality and meibomian gland (MG) dropout evaluations.
resultsThe percentage of MG dropout in the upper and lower lids was significantly higher in the DM-DED group than the DED group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in other MG parameters between these two groups. Oppositely, Significant difference was observed in all of MG parameters except MG dropout in the lower lids comparing DM group with normal controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). While the SIT values decreased in the DM-DED group compared to the DED group (P < 0.05), no significant differences were found in the values of other tear parameters.
conclusionsThe higher prevalence and increased severity of MGD was found in patients with both T2DM and DED compared to those only with DED.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800019939, date of registration December 9, 2018, prospectively registered.
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