Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36721124›Full record

ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2023

Menopausal hormone therapy, oral contraceptives and risk of chronic low back pain: the HUNT Study.

Ingrid Heuch, Ivar Heuch, Knut Hagen, Kjersti Storheim, John-Anker Zwart

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Ingrid HeuchDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424, Oslo, Norway. ingrid.heuch@ous-hf.no.
Ivar HeuchDepartment of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Knut HagenDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Kjersti StorheimDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
John-Anker ZwartDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo University Hospital · NONorwegian University of Science and Technology · NOOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University · NOUniversity of Bergen · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are indications that use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and oral contraceptives (OC) increases the risk of low back pain (LBP), with higher oestrogen levels involved in the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate associations between use of systemic MHT or OC and risk of chronic LBP in a large population-based data set.

methodsData were obtained from two surveys in the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway, HUNT2 (1995-1997) and HUNT3 (2006-2008). A cross-sectional study of association between use of systemic MHT and prevalence of chronic LBP comprised 12,974 women aged 40-69 years in HUNT2, with 4007 women reporting chronic LBP. A cohort study involving MHT comprised 6007 women without chronic LBP at baseline in HUNT2, and after 11 years 1245 women reported chronic LBP at follow-up in HUNT3. The cross-sectional study of association with use of OC included 23,593 women aged 20-69 years in HUNT2, with 6085 women reporting chronic LBP. The corresponding cohort study included 10,586 women without chronic LBP at baseline in HUNT2, of whom 2084 women reported chronic LBP in HUNT3. Risk of chronic LBP was examined in both study designs in generalised linear models with adjustment for potential confounders.

resultsIn the cohort study, current users of systemic MHT at baseline showed a greater risk of chronic LBP (relative risk (RR) 1.30; 95% CI: 1.14-1.49; compared with never users). The risk increased according to duration of MHT use (P for linear trend = 0.003). Known users of systemic MHT based exclusively on oestrogen experienced the highest risk (RR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.16-1.91), but an increased risk was also seen among known users of oestrogen-progestin combination MHT (RR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.16-1.57). A slight increase in risk of chronic LBP was found in the cohort study among former users of OC (RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06-1.30; compared with never users).

conclusionsLong-lasting use of systemic MHT, in particular therapy based on oestrogen only, is associated with greater risk of chronic LBP. Having been a user of OC most likely entails a minor increase in risk.

Indexed as

Low Back PainCohort StudiesContraceptives, OralCross-Sectional StudiesEstrogensFemaleHumansMenopauseContraceptives, OralEstrogensEpidemiologyHormone replacement therapyHUNTLow back painOestrogenOral contraceptives

Identifiers

PMID36721124
PMCPMC9887847
OpenAlexW4318618377

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.