Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2023
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Predicts Mortality and Heart Failure Exacerbation But Not Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Cardiomyopathy.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01076660 (Left Ventricular Structural Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death [Substudy of), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Left Ventricular Structural Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death [Substudy of: Functional Energetics and Imaging for Phenotypic Characterization of Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death, See Also NCT000181233]
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Circulating Biomarkers in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure After Treatment With Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and c-Kit-Positive Cardiac Cells, Alone or in Combination: Results From the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network CONCERT-HF Clinical Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Metformin Pharmacogenetics in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Impact on Metformin and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Plasma Levels.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and ECG Repolarization Metrics: Sudden Death in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as an Early Biomarker of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using an Integrated PK/PD Model.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Burden and Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15: from stress response to clinical utility in chronic liver diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Article
- Heart Failure Biomarkers-Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding the Liver-Heart Axis in Cardiometabolic Diseases.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Clinical Insights from Proteomics in Heart Failure.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15: A Promising Biomarker and Target in Cancer Patients.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Article
- Association between DNA methylation predicted growth differentiation factor 15 and mortality: results from NHANES 1999-2002.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Article
- Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Perpetually Evolving Frontier.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) has been increasing in prevalence, and a need exists for biomarkers with improved predictive and prognostic ability. GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) is a novel biomarker associated with HF mortality, but no serial studies of GDF-15 have been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 levels over time and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias, HF hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Methods and Results We used a retrospective case-control design to analyze 148 patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies and primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) from the PROSe-ICD (Prospective Observational Study of the ICD in Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention) cohort. Patients had blood drawn every 6 months and after each appropriate ICD therapy and were followed for a median follow-up of 4.6 years, between 2005 to 2019. We compared serum GDF-15 levels within ±90 days of an event among those with a ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation event requiring ICD therapies and those hospitalized for decompensated HF. A comparator/control group comprised patients with GDF-15 levels available during 2-year follow-up periods without events. Median follow-up was 4.6 years in the 148 patients studied (mean age 58±12, 27% women). The HF cohort had greater median GDF-15 values within 90 days (1797 pg/mL) and 30 days (2039 pg/mL) compared with the control group (1062 pg/mL, both
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.