Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36718031›Full record

Trial reportThe journal of international advanced otology2023

Developing an Evidence-Based Surgical Curriculum: Learning from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Surgical Rehearsal in Virtual Reality.

Benjamin James Talks, Jesslyn Lamtara, Sudanthi Wijewickrema, Aaron Collins, Jean-Marc Gerard, Alistair Macleold Mitchell-Innes, Stephen O'Leary

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The journal of international advanced otology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effect of case-specific 3D-printed models on surgical performance in cadaveric dissection-a randomized controlled trial.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Benjamin James TalksDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia.
Jesslyn LamtaraDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia.
Sudanthi WijewickremaDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia.
Aaron CollinsDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia.
Jean-Marc GerardDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia.
Alistair Macleold Mitchell-InnesDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia; Department of Otolaryngology, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Somerset, United Kingdom.
Stephen O'LearyDepartment of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSurgical rehearsal - patient-specific preoperative surgical practice - can be provided by virtual reality simulation. This study investigated the effect of surgical rehearsal on cortical mastoidectomy performance and procedure duration.

methodsUniversity students (n=40) were randomized evenly into a rehearsal and control group. After watching a video tutorial on cortical mastoidectomy, participants completed the procedure on a virtual reality simulator as a pre-test. Participants completed a further 8 cortical mastoidectomies on the virtual reality simulator as training before drilling two 3-dimensional (3D) printed temporal bones. The rehearsal group received 3D printed bones they had previously operated on in virtual reality, while the control group received 2 new bones. Cortical mastoidectomy was assessed by 3 blinded graders using the Melbourne Mastoidectomy Scale.

resultsThere was high interrater reliability between the 3 graders (intraclass correlation coefficient, r=0.8533, P < .0001). There was no difference in the mean surgical performance on the two 3D printed bones between the control and rehearsal groups (P=.2791). There was no significant difference in the mean procedure duration between the control and rehearsal groups for both 3D printed bones (P=.8709). However, there was a significant decrease in procedure duration between the first and second 3D printed bones (P < .0001).

conclusionIn this study, patient-specific virtual reality rehearsal provided no additional advantage to cortical mastoidectomy performance by novice operators compared to generic practice on a virtual reality simulator. Further, virtual reality training did not improve cortical mastoidectomy performance on 3D printed bones, highlighting the impact of anatomical diversity and changing operating modalities on the acquisition of new surgical skills.

Indexed as

OtolaryngologyVirtual RealityCurriculumHumansReproducibility of ResultsTemporal Bone

Identifiers

PMID36718031
PMCPMC9984964

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.