ArticleRespiratory medicine2023
Prevalence of abnormal spirometry in individuals with a smoking history and no known obstructive lung disease.
Article in Respiratory medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Definitions of early COPD and predictors for disease progression: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Psychological Distress in COPD Assessed by DASS-21-R: Multivariable Regression and Bayesian Analysis Across GOLD Stages.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Nomogram to predict progression from preserved ratio impaired spirometry to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Spirometry.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Twelve barriers to COPD diagnosis in France: a comparative qualitative study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Associated Factors and Pulmonary Function Outcomes of Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry: A Scoping Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Factors associated with undiagnosed COPD in patients hospitalised for severe COPD exacerbation.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Spirometry.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Insufficient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Uptake After Severe Exacerbation of COPD: A Multicentre Study in the South West Region of France.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Underdiagnosis of COPD: The Japan COPD Real-World Data Epidemiological (CORE) Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRecent evidence suggests a high prevalence of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These individuals are at risk of exacerbations and delayed treatment. We analyzed an at-risk population for the prevalence of abnormal spirometry to provide clarity into who should undergo early spirometry.
methodsWe analyzed data from the COPDGene study. Participants with ≥10 pack-years of smoking were included. Individuals with self-reported or physician-diagnosed COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and/or were on inhalers were excluded. Parsimonious multivariable logistic regression models identified factors associated with abnormal spirometry, defined as either airflow obstruction (AFO) or preserved ratio impaired spirometry. Variables were selected for the final model using a stepwise backward variable elimination process which minimized Akaike information criterion (AIC). Similarly, during the 5-year follow-up period, we assessed factors associated with incident diagnosis of COPD.
resultsOf 5055 individuals, 1064 (21%) had undiagnosed AFO. Age, pack-years, current smoking and a history of acute bronchitis were associated with AFO while body mass index, female sex, and Black race were inversely associated. Among 2800 participants with 5-year follow-up, 532 (19%) had an incident diagnosis of COPD. Associated risk factors included mMRC ≥2, chronic productive cough, respiratory exacerbations during the follow-up period, and abnormal spirometry. Age was inversely associated.
conclusionsThe prevalence of undiagnosed COPD is high in at-risk populations. We found multiple factors associated with undiagnosed COPD and incident diagnosis of COPD at follow up. These results can be used to identify those at risk for undiagnosed COPD to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.