Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36716213›Full record

ReviewJournal of natural products2023

Botanical Ingredient Forensics: Detection of Attempts to Deceive Commonly Used Analytical Methods for Authenticating Herbal Dietary and Food Ingredients and Supplements.

Stefan Gafner, Mark Blumenthal, Steven Foster, John H Cardellina, Ikhlas A Khan, Roy Upton

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of natural products, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
24.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  4. CNN-Based Classification ofBiosensors · 2026
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  20. Multicomponent analysis of dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin: comparative low- and high-field NMR spectroscopic study.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Stefan GafnerAmerican Botanical Council, Austin, Texas 78714, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5709-5683
Mark BlumenthalAmerican Botanical Council, Austin, Texas 78714, United States.
Steven FosterSteven Foster Group, Eureka Springs, Arkansas 72632, United States.
John H CardellinaReevesGroup, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23451, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8517-7483
Ikhlas A KhanNational Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States.
Roy UptonAmerican Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Scotts Valley, California 95067, United States.
Botanical Society of America · USUniversity of Mississippi · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Botanical ingredients are used widely in phytomedicines, dietary/food supplements, functional foods, and cosmetics. Products containing botanical ingredients are popular among many consumers and, in the case of herbal medicines, health professionals worldwide. Government regulatory agencies have set standards (collectively referred to as current Good Manufacturing Practices, cGMPs) with which suppliers and manufacturers must comply. One of the basic requirements is the need to establish the proper identity of crude botanicals in whole, cut, or powdered form, as well as botanical extracts and essential oils. Despite the legal obligation to ensure their authenticity, published reports show that a portion of these botanical ingredients and products are adulterated. Most often, such adulteration is carried out for financial gain, where ingredients are intentionally substituted, diluted, or "fortified" with undisclosed lower-cost ingredients. While some of the adulteration is easily detected with simple laboratory assays, the adulterators frequently use sophisticated schemes to mimic the visual aspects and chemical composition of the labeled botanical ingredient in order to deceive the analytical methods that are used for authentication. This review surveys the commonly used approaches for botanical ingredient adulteration and discusses appropriate test methods for the detection of fraud based on publications by the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, a large-scale international program to inform various stakeholders about ingredient and product adulteration. Botanical ingredients at risk of adulteration include, but are not limited to, the essential oils of lavender (

Indexed as

Food IngredientsOils, VolatilePlants, MedicinalDietary SupplementsFood IngredientsOils, Volatile

Identifiers

PMID36716213
PMCPMC9972475
OpenAlexW4318499681

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.