SynthesisBlood advances2023
Clinical and epidemiological features of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Blood advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Therapies, and Outcomes.American journal of hematology · 2025Pooled it
- Pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia is associated with a high incidence of underlying immune disorders.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Complement-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Triggered by Adenovirus Infection in a Pediatric Patient.Cureus · 2026Article
- Childhood isolated C3d-positive AIHA: favorable prognosis but rare relapse or associated immunodeficiency.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Cold clues in pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Article
- How Severe is Severe Enough? Organ Failure Rather Than Anemia Severity as a Potential Threshold for Complement Inhibition in Pediatric Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria: A Case Report.Case reports in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Cryoproteins in Non-HCV-Related Autoimmune Disorders: A Serious Cold-Induced Problem.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Petechiae and Limb Weakness in a 12-Year-Old Boy.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Article
- Beneath the surface in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: pathogenetic networks, therapeutic advancements and open questions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adult-onset severe paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria after COVID-19 successfully treated with sutimlimab.International journal of hematology · 2024Article
- Current state and potential applications of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibitors in hematologic conditions.American journal of hematology · 2024Review
- Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- The Vital Role of Immunohematology in Diagnosing Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria: A Clinical Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Diagnostic uncertainties in congenital syphilis: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Life-Threatening Recurrence of Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria in a Child During Influenza A Infection.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias: Classifications, Pathophysiology, Diagnoses and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Management of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in low-to-middle income countries: current challenges and the way forward.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Review
- Cold Agglutinin Disease in a Rhesus Macaque (Comparative medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of the Spleen and the Place of Splenectomy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia-A Review of Current Knowledge.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia often overlooked as a potential etiology of hemolysis and is challenging to diagnose because of the complicated testing methods required. We performed a systematic review of all reported cases to better assess the clinical, immunohematologic, and therapeutic characteristics of PCH. We systematically analyzed PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE to identify all cases of PCH confirmed by Donath-Landsteiner (DL) testing. Three authors independently screened articles for inclusion, and systematically extracted epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcomes data. Discrepancies were adjudicated by a fourth author. We identified 230 cases, with median presentation hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL and nadir of 5.5 g/dL. The most common direct antiglobulin test (DAT) result was the presence of complement and absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound to red blood cells, although other findings were observed in one-third of cases. DL antibody class and specificity were reported for 71 patients, of which 83.1% were IgG anti-P. The use of corticosteroids is common, although we found no significant difference in the length of hospitalization for patients with and without steroid therapy. Recent reports have highlighted the use of complement inhibitors. Among patients with follow-up, 99% (213 of 216) were alive at the time of reporting. To our knowledge, this represents the largest compilation of PCH cases to date. We discovered that contemporary PCH most commonly occurs in children with a preceding viral infection, corticosteroid use is frequent (but potentially ineffective), and DAT results are more disparate than traditionally reported.
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