Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36715552›Full record

ArticleCancer discovery2023

Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and Is Associated with Worse Outcomes.

Lőrinc Sándor Pongor, Christopher W Schultz, Lorenzo Rinaldi, Darawalee Wangsa, Christophe E Redon, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Gavriel Fialkoff, Parth Desai, Yang Zhang, Sandra Burkett and 27 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer discovery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed
25.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma: molecular insights, diagnostic advances, and emerging treatment strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  18. The Impact of Targeting TRAF2 and NCK-Interacting Protein Kinase on Antitumor Effect and Tumor Immune Environment in c-MYC-High SCLC.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Lőrinc Sándor PongorDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-5917-4628
Christopher W SchultzDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-5731-2847
Lorenzo RinaldiLaboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-2977-4205
Darawalee WangsaGenetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-8585-3077
Christophe E RedonDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-2799-2778
Nobuyuki TakahashiDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-8592-6528
Gavriel FialkoffSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-8469-1010
Parth DesaiDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-7715-4919
Yang ZhangDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-7833-1817
Sandra BurkettMolecular Cytogenetic Core Facility, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-5476-4028
Nadav HermoniSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-2396-0832
Noa VilkSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-7485-5680
Jenia GutinSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-5023-2403
Rona GergelyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU, New York, New York.
Yongmei ZhaoBioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-0800-4658
Samantha NicholsDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-4003-6780
Rasa VilimasDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-1967-6994
Linda SciutoDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-6314-8991
Chante GrahamDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-4834-3569
Juan Manuel CaravacaBioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-2974-1833
Sevilay TuranBioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-4205-3162
Shen Tsai-WeiHoward Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Vinodh N RajapakseDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-5214-1089
Rajesh KumarDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-9835-3650
Deep UpadhyayDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-5916-717X
Suresh KumarDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-7404-8259
Yoo Sun KimDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-6474-9024
Nitin RoperDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-6514-5468
Bao TranCancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-0261-4458
Stephen M HewittLaboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-8283-1788
David E KleinerLaboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-3442-4453
Mirit I AladjemDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-1875-3110
Nir FriedmanSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-9678-3550
Gordon L HagerLaboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-9300-5331
Yves PommierDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-3108-0758
Thomas RiedGenetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0002-0767-6009
Anish ThomasDevelopmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-3293-3115
National Cancer Institute · UAFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research · USHebrew University of Jerusalem · ILNational Institutes of Health · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USNational Cancer Institute · US

Funding

Chromatin Structure and Gene ExpressionZIABC005450 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI HAGER, GORDON L · 2009 to 2025
$35.2M
DNA Repair, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Apoptosis as Targets for Anticancer DrugsZIABC006150 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI POMMIER, YVES · 2009 to 2025
$23.0M
Experimental Pathology Laboratory (EPL)ZICBC011638 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI HEWITT, STEPHEN · 2015 to 2025
$16.6M
Exploiting DNA Replicative Stress for Novel Small Cell Lung Cancer TherapiesZIABC011793 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI THOMAS, ANISH · 2018 to 2025
$16.4M
Postmortem PathologyZICBC010685 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI KLEINER, DAVID ERWIN · 2009 to 2025
$14.3M
Intratumor heterogeneity and tumor evolutionZIABC010834 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI RIED, THOMAS · 2009 to 2023
$12.2M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA BC011793
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancer. Oncogenic MYC amplifications drive SCLC heterogeneity, but the genetic mechanisms of MYC amplification and phenotypic plasticity, characterized by neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine cell states, are not known. Here, we integrate whole-genome sequencing, long-range optical mapping, single-cell DNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to find extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) as a primary source of SCLC oncogene amplifications and driver fusions. ecDNAs bring to proximity enhancer elements and oncogenes, creating SCLC transcription-amplifying units, driving exceptionally high MYC gene dosage. We demonstrate that cell-free nucleosome profiling can noninvasively detect ecDNA amplifications in plasma, facilitating its genome-wide interrogation in SCLC and other cancers. Altogether, our work provides the first comprehensive map of SCLC ecDNA and describes a new mechanism that governs MYC-driven SCLC heterogeneity. ecDNA-enabled transcriptional flexibility may explain the significantly worse survival outcomes of SCLC harboring complex ecDNA amplifications. SIGNIFICANCE: MYC drives SCLC progression, but the genetic basis of MYC-driven SCLC evolution is unknown. Using SCLC as a paradigm, we report how ecDNA amplifications function as MYC-amplifying units, fostering tumor plasticity and a high degree of tumor heterogeneity. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799.

Indexed as

Lung NeoplasmsSmall Cell Lung CarcinomaDNAGene AmplificationHumansIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceOncogenesDNA

Identifiers

PMID36715552
PMCPMC10073312
OpenAlexW4318482239

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.