ArticlePNAS nexus2022
Gender and ethnicity bias in medicine: a text analysis of 1.8 million critical care records.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender, Gender Role Beliefs, and Evaluation of Pain in Others: Indirect and Moderated Pathways.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Gender differences in cancer care experiences in Switzerland: a multicentre cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Negative descriptors in electronic health records of patients with diabetes.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- An exploration of basic human values in 38 million obituaries over 30 years.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Through a Glass Darkly: Perceptions of Ethnoracial Identity in Artificial Intelligence Generated Medical Vignettes and Images.Medical science educator · 2025Article
- Chest pain in a multi-ethnic population: A community-based study on sex differences in chest pain prevalence and care contacts.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Evaluating for Evidence of Sociodemographic Bias in Conversational AI for Mental Health Support.Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · 2025Article
- Differences in Medication Use by Gender and Race in Hospitalized Persons Living with Dementia.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- From complexity to clarity: How AI enhances perceptions of scientists and the public's understanding of science.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Can generative AI infer thinking style from language? Evaluating the utility of AI as a psychological text analysis tool.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Disparities in women's health and clinical considerations from a translational science perspective: A narrative review and framework for future directions.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender and ethnicity biases are pervasive across many societal domains including politics, employment, and medicine. Such biases will facilitate inequalities until they are revealed and mitigated at scale. To this end, over 1.8 million caregiver notes (502 million words) from a large US hospital were evaluated with natural language processing techniques in search of gender and ethnicity bias indicators. Consistent with nonlinguistic evidence of bias in medicine, physicians focused more on the emotions of women compared to men and focused more on the scientific and bodily diagnoses of men compared to women. Content patterns were relatively consistent across genders. Physicians also attended to fewer emotions for Black/African and Asian patients compared to White patients, and physicians demonstrated the greatest need to work through diagnoses for Black/African women compared to other patients. Content disparities were clearer across ethnicities, as physicians focused less on the
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.