ArticlePNAS nexus2022
Vascular endothelial growth factor from retinal pigment epithelium is essential in choriocapillaris and axial length maintenance.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical observation and correlation between the different degrees of myopia and choroidal thickness in children and adolescents.Medicine · 2026Article
- Photobiology in ophthalmology: from evolutionary adaptation to translational therapeutics.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness is Independently Associated with Axial Length and Myopia in Preschool Children: A Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The choroidal macrophage polarization significantly influences myopia development in murine models.iScience · 2026Article
- Multimodal Imaging Studies of Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal Atrophy: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Choroidal Mast Cells and Their Degranulation Are a Pivotal Trigger for Myopia Development.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Mechanisms Underlying Myopia Progression from Visual Signaling to Metabolic Remodeling in Retina.JMA journal · 2025Review
- Choroidal changes after vitrectomy performed for macular hole retinal detachment.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Intensive outdoor activity for 1 week increases choroidal thickness in Japanese schoolchildren: a prospective observational study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Delays Choroid Development in the HCAR1 Knockout Mouse.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Myopic shift in female mice after ovariectomy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insights into Myopia from Mouse Models.Annual review of vision science · 2024Review
- Choroidal thinning in myopia is associated with axial elongation and severity of myopic maculopathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Establishment of an in vitro choroid complex system for vascular response screening.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Biology and therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- Topical Application of Bunazosin Hydrochloride Suppresses Myopia Progression With an Increase in Choroidal Blood Perfusion.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Myopia Is Suppressed by Digested Lactoferrin or Holo-Lactoferrin Administration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Molecular and Cellular Regulations in the Development of the Choroidal Circulation System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia, which prevalence is rapidly increasing, causes visual impairment; however, the onset mechanism of pathological axial length (AL) elongation remains unclear. A highly vascularized choroid between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and sclera not only maintains physiological activities, but also contributes to ocular development and growth regulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from the RPE to the choroid is essential for retinal function and maintenance of the choriocapillaris. Herein, we demonstrated that the loss of VEGF secreted from the RPE caused abnormal choriocapillaris development and AL elongation, with features similar to those of the lens-induced myopia (LIM) mouse model, whereas VEGF overexpression by knocking-out von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) specific to the RPE expands the choriocapillaris and shortens the AL. Additionally, LDL Receptor Related Protein 2 (LRP2) deletion in the RPE downregulated VEGF expression and leads to pathological AL elongation. Furthermore, high-myopia patients without choriocapillaris demonstrated longer ALs than did those with preserved choriocapillaris. These results suggest that physiological secretion of VEGF from the RPE is required for proper AL development by maintaining the choriocapillaris. The pinpoint application of VEGF to the choriocapillaris may become a potential intervention for the prevention and treatment of axial myopia progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.