ArticleFrontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland)2022
Impact of progesterone on innate immunity and cell death after influenza A virus H1N1 2009 infection of lung and placental cells in vitro.
Article in Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aerosolized microalgal derived extracellular vesicles reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in bronchial epithelial macrophage cocultures at the air liquid interface.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Dissecting Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Infection: Comparative Insights from Human Models.Viruses · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases: The Role of Genetics, Hormones, and Aging.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of genome replication fidelity between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in cell culture.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) 2009 H1N1 pandemic was associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, preterm birth, and stillbirth. The underlying mechanism for severe maternal lung disease and stillbirth is incompletely understood, but IAV infection is known to activate innate immunity triggering the release of cytokines. Elucidating the impact of progesterone (P4), a key hormone elevated in pregnancy, on the innate immune and inflammatory response to IAV infection is a critical step in understanding the pathogenesis of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. IAV H1N1 pdm/09 was used to infect cell lines Calu-3 (lung adenoma) and ACH-3P (extravillous trophoblast) with or without P4 (100 nM) at multiplicity of infections (MOI) 0, 0.5, and 3. Cells were harvested at 24 and 48 hours post infection (hpi) and analyzed for cytopathic effects (CPE), replicating virus (TCID50), cytotoxicity (Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay), and NLRP3 inflammasome activation (caspase-1 activity, fluorometric assay). Activation of antiviral innate immunity was quantified (RT-qPCR, Luminex) by measuring biomarker gene and protein expression of innate immune activation (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.