ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
GM-CSF, Flt3-L and IL-4 affect viability and function of conventional dendritic cell types 1 and 2.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoregulatory role of platelet derivatives in the macrophage-mediated immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Atorvastatin pre-exposure in hypercholesterolemia remedies 27HC mediated dendritic cell dysfunctions in triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Inference of secreted protein signaling activities in intercellular communication.Nature methods · 2026Article
- CD86 in Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunity: From Maturation Marker to Functional Regulator.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Dendritic cell diversity and dysfunction in cancer: implications for immunotherapy and therapeutic targeting.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Mechanical licensing of functional dendritic cell states for enhanced T cell priming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tumors located in the brain impair the frequency and phenotype of dendritic cells in blood and tumor.iScience · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Dissection Reveals Immune Dysregulation After CD5 or CD7-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Beneficial Effects of Marine Plant-Derived Compounds on the Musculoskeletal System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle as a dynamic immunological niche for vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dendritic cells: the central partner for cancer immunity.Oncoimmunology · 2025Review
- In Vitro Maturation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells via STING Activation for T Cell Priming.Cancers · 2025Article
- Imiquimod promotes Th1 and Th17 responses via NF-κB-driven IL-12 and IL-6 production in anExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Dendritic Cells and Their Crucial Role in Modulating Innate Lymphoid Cells for Treating and Preventing Infectious Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor may contribute to spondyloarthritis development in HLA-B27 transgenic rat by affecting conventional dendritic cells function.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- In vitro differentiation of common lymphoid progenitor cells into B cell using stromal cell free culture system.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Vax-Innate: improving therapeutic cancer vaccines by modulating T cells and the tumour microenvironment.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by GITR agonist in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2) have attracted increasing attention as alternatives to monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) in cancer immunotherapy. Use of cDCs for therapy has been hindered by their low numbers in peripheral blood. In the present study, we found that extensive spontaneous apoptosis and cDC death in culture within 24hrs represent an additional challenge. Different media conditions that maintain cDC viability and function were investigated. CD141+ cDC1 and CD1c+ cDC2 were isolated from healthy blood donor buffy coats. Low viabilities were found with CellGenix DC, RPMI-1640, and X-VIVO 15 standard culture media and with several supplements at 24hrs and 48hrs. Among multiple factors it was found that GM-CSF improved both cDC1 and cDC2 viability, whereas Flt3-L and IL-4 only increased viability of cDC1 and cDC2, respectively. Combinations of these three cytokines improved viability of both cDCs further, both at 24hrs and 48hrs time points. Although these cytokines have been extensively investigated for their role in myeloid cell differentiation, and are also used clinically, their effects on mature cDCs remain incompletely known, in particular effects on pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic cDC features. HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, CD86, PD-L1 and PD-L2 cDC membrane expressions were relatively little affected by GM-CSF, IL-4 and Flt3-L cytokine supplements compared to the strong induction following Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation for 24hrs. With minor exceptions the three cytokines appeared to be permissive to the TLR-induced marker expression. Allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction showed that the cytokines promoted T-cell proliferation and revealed a potential to boost both Th1 and Th2 polarizing cytokines. GM-CSF and Flt3-L and their combination improved the capability of cDC1 for dextran uptake, while in cDC2, dextran capture was improved by GM-CSF. The data suggest that GM-CSF, IL-4 and Flt3-L and combinations might be beneficial for DC viability and function
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