ArticlePNAS nexus2022
Troll and divide: the language of online polarization.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measuring narrative polarization in online discourse.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- A Social Identity Theory of Digital Identity.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Designing social media content recommendation algorithms for societal good.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Different honesty conceptions align across US politicians' tweets and public replies.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Inoculation reduces social media engagement with affectively polarized content in the UK and US.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- The spread of mind: psychological contagion in theory and critique.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Patterns of partisan toxicity and engagement reveal the common structure of online political communication across countries.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Political polarization and health.Nature medicine · 2024Review
- Article
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- GPT is an effective tool for multilingual psychological text analysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Temporal dynamics of coordinated online behavior: Stability, archetypes, and influence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The event-driven nature of online political hostility: How offline political events make online interactions more hostile.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- The social media discourse of engaged partisans is toxic even when politics are irrelevant.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- On the rise of fear speech in online social media.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Hatemongers ride on echo chambers to escalate hate speech diffusion.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Public policy and conspiracies: The case of mandates.Current opinion in psychology · 2022Review
- Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media.Science advances · 2022Article
- Fears of Compassion Scales: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validity Evidence for Use in Brazil.Trends in psychology · 2022Article
- Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding: The Urgent Need for Coordinated and Comprehensive Efforts to Combat Misinformation.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The affective animosity between the political left and right has grown steadily in many countries over the past few years, posing a threat to democratic practices and public health. There is a rising concern over the role that "bad actors" or trolls may play in the polarization of online networks. In this research, we examined the processes by which trolls may sow intergroup conflict through polarized rhetoric. We developed a dictionary to assess online polarization by measuring language associated with communications that display partisan bias in their diffusion. We validated the polarized language dictionary in 4 different contexts and across multiple time periods. The polarization dictionary made out-of-set predictions, generalized to both new political contexts (#BlackLivesMatter) and a different social media platform (Reddit), and predicted partisan differences in public opinion polls about COVID-19. Then we analyzed tweets from a known Russian troll source (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.