ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
The impact of delayed access to COVID-19 vaccines in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance and Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers and the General Population: A Systematic Review and Policy Recommendations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Real-World Evidence from Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Uncovering COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and intent in 15 developing countries: a multi-level, clustered analysis of six months of repeated, cross-sectional data.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers: A Meta-review and Meta-analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Options.Journal of research in pharmacy practice · 2026Review
- Exploring the correlates of COVID-19 vaccination inequity: a global analysis using machine learning from a health economic lens.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Personalized medicine and health equity: overcoming cost barriers and ethical challenges.International journal for equity in health · 2025Review
- Operationalizing African self-reliance in vaccine manufacturing.Global health action · 2025Article
- Research ethics and integrity challenges in accelerated clinical trials, an interview study.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Privilege: How Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Medications are Widening Health Inequalities.Cureus · 2025Article
- Modeling health literacy intentions: a structural equation analysis of community residents' willingness to acquire infectious disease specific health literacy.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccination coverage on global disability burden of Guillain-Barré syndrome.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Preserved efficacy of lyophilized SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine incorporating novel ionizable lipids after one year at 25 °C.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Strengthening Vaccine Regulation: Insights from COVID-19 Vaccines, Best Practices, and Lessons for Future Public Health Emergencies.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Optimal Timing of Vaccination: A Narrative Review of Integrating Strategies for COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Evaluating geographic accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination across 54 countries/regions.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Roles of mobile teams in tracing lost to follow-up clients: evidence from the optimization of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and routine immunization in Ekiti State.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Case management of mpox: Where we are and where we desire to be.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: A majority of low-income (LIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) were unable to achieve at least 10% population coverage during initial vaccine rollouts, despite the rapid development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Nearly three years into this pandemic, evaluating the impact of inequities in vaccine access, uptake, and availability is long overdue. We hypothesized that a delay in receiving COVID-19 vaccines was associated with an increased toll on cumulative cases and mortality. Furthermore, this relationship was modified by the size of a country's economy. Methods: We performed an ecological study assessing these relationships, in which a country's economic standing was assessed by world bank income classification, gross domestic product based on the purchasing power parity (GDP PPP) per capita category, and crude GDP PPP. Results: Countries with the smallest economies reported first vaccination much later than larger economies on all three rankings, as much as 100 days longer. Among low-income countries, a one-day increase until the first vaccination was associated with a 1.92% (95% CI: 0.100, 3.87) increase in cumulative cases when compared to high-income countries ( Conclusion: Economic standing modified the effects of delayed access to COVID-19 vaccination on cumulative cases and mortality, in which LMICs tended to fare worse in outcomes than high-income countries despite the eventual rollout of vaccines. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing equitable and timely access to COVID-19 vaccines across all countries, irrespective of economic size. Future studies should examine the impacts that vaccine inequities had on local transmission dynamics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.