ArticleScientific reports2023
Association between mask-associated dry eye (MADE) and corneal sensations.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mask-associated dry eye disease following short-term facemask wear with or without nasal bridge taping among health workers at a Nigerian tertiary care facility: a cross-over randomized clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Temporal changes in parameters associated with tear film stability after instillation of long-acting diquafosol ophthalmic solution in soft contact lens wearers.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Impact of mask wearing on cultivable conjunctival bacteria in Chinese healthcare workers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The effect of mask usage on dry eye symptoms and meibomian gland function in OSAS patients: an observational study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Observational
- Real or MADE-up: Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) as an emerging syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Unveiling Ocular Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Prolonged Face Mask Wearing Worsens Self-Reported Dry Eye Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dental Healthcare Practitioners.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2023Article
- Alterations in tear film and wavefront parameters associated with different types of disposable surgical masks in healthcare personnel during working hours: a randomized trial.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To determine the risk of mask-associated dry eye (MADE), we investigated the fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT), ocular surface temperature and blood flow, along with corneal sensitivity, in mask wearers. We enrolled 60 mask wearers (mean age, 27.1 ± 5.2 years) and then measured FBUT, corneal temperature and conjunctival blood flow without wearing masks (no mask), with masks, and with taped masks. We defined MADE as the condition in which dry eye symptoms appeared and the FBUT with mask was less than 5 s. The FBUT with a mask was significantly shorter compared to the no mask and taped mask groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The corneal temperature difference and conjunctival blood flow difference were significantly higher after wearing a mask than after wearing a taped mask (P < 0.01). Of the 60 subjects, 13 were diagnosed with MADE. Pain sensitivity and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the MADE group, with the FBUT without masks (P < 0.05) significantly shorter than in the non-MADE group. MADE may be associated with corneal hypersensitivity. Wearing masks decreased FBUT and increased ocular surface temperature and blood flow. Taping the top edge of masks prevented these changes. Fitting masks properly may reduce MADE risk.
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