Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36708608›Full record

SynthesisSocial science & medicine (1982)2023

Towards evidence-based and inclusive models of peer support for long covid: A hermeneutic systematic review.

Jordan C R Mullard, Jessica Kawalek, Amy Parkin, Clare Rayner, Ghazala Mir, Manoj Sivan, Trisha Greenhalgh

Open access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Social science & medicine (1982), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
16.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Psychosocial Aspects of the Lived Experience of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Vital yet Fragile: Informal Networks of Support Among Young People Navigating Long Covid.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Addressing Inequalities in Long Covid Healthcare: A Mixed-Methods Study on Building Inclusive Services.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  8. Long COVID in healthcare workers: longitudinal mixed-methods study.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025
    Article
  9. 'We Don't Have to Prove to People How We're Feeling': Understanding the Role of Peer Support Groups in Countering Epistemic Injustices in Long COVID at a US Centre.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Long COVID and Health Inequalities: What's Next for Research and Policy Advocacy?Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Jordan C R MullardDurham University and University of Leeds, UK; University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: Jordan.c.mullard@durham.ac.uk.
Jessica KawalekUniversity of Leeds, UK. Electronic address: J.Kawalek@leeds.ac.uk.
Amy ParkinLeeds NHS Trust Teaching Hospitals, UK. Electronic address: amy.parkin1@nhs.net.
Clare RaynerUniversity of Leeds LOCOMOTION Patient Advisory Group (Co-Lead), UK. Electronic address: clarerayner@clara.co.uk.
Ghazala MirLeeds University, UK. Electronic address: G.Mir@leeds.ac.uk.
Manoj SivanLeeds University, UK.
Trisha GreenhalghOxford University and Leeds University, UK. Electronic address: trish.greenhalgh@phc.ox.ac.uk.
University of Leeds · GBLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Department of Health COV-LT2-0016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the first wave of COVID-19 in March 2020 the number of people living with post-COVID syndrome has risen rapidly at global pace, however, questions still remain as to whether there is a hidden cohort of sufferers not accessing mainstream clinics. This group are likely to be constituted by already marginalised people at the sharp end of existing health inequalities and not accessing formal clinics. The challenge of supporting such patients includes the question of how best to organise and facilitate different forms of support. As such, we aim to examine whether peer support is a potential option for hidden or hardly reached populations of long COVID sufferers with a specific focus on the UK, though not exclusively. Through a systematic hermeneutic literature review of peer support in other conditions (57 papers), we evaluate the global potential of peer support for the ongoing needs of people living with long COVID. Through our analysis, we highlight three key peer support perspectives in healthcare reflecting particular theoretical perspectives, goals, and understandings of what is 'good health', we call these: biomedical (disease control/management), relational (intersubjective mutual support) and socio-political (advocacy, campaigning & social context). Additionally, we identify three broad models for delivering peer support: service-led, community-based and social media. Attention to power relations, social and cultural capital, and a co-design approach are key when developing peer support services for disadvantaged and underserved groups. Models from other long-term conditions suggest that peer support for long COVID can and should go beyond biomedical goals and harness the power of relational support and collective advocacy. This may be particularly important when seeking to reduce health inequalities and improve access for a potentially hidden cohort of sufferers.

Indexed as

COVID-19Delivery of Health CareHermeneuticsHumansPeer GroupPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeCOVID recoveryHealth inequalitiesLong COVIDNarrative hermeneutic reviewPeer supportPost COVID-19 syndrome

Identifiers

PMID36708608
PMCPMC9840228
OpenAlexW4316126870

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.