Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36708491›Full record

ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2023

Exploring the Potential of a Herbal Nanoemulsion as an Antimicrobial Mouthwash.

V Nehavarshini, Sneha Unnikrishnan, Karthikeyan Ramalingam

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

V Nehavarshini *School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, GST Road, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India.
Sneha Unnikrishnan *School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, GST Road, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India.
Karthikeyan RamalingamSchool of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, GST Road, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India. karthikeyan.sls@crescent.education.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-427X

Funding

Department of Science and Technology DST/WOS-B/WWM-8/2021Indian Council of Medical Research 35/14/2020-NAN/BMSMinistry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy Z. 28015/209 /2015-HPC
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study aimed to formulate a nanoemulsion, combine it with aqueous extracts of herbal powders, and test its efficiency as caries-preventing mouthwash. Formulation of nanoemulsion using microfluidizer, characterization of nanoemulsion, minimum inhibitory concentration, adherence test, biofilm assay, and artificial mouth assay was carried out. The biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus, and a combination of the three cultures were developed and treated with formulations to study the inhibitory effect of the samples. In artificial mouth assay, human tooth samples were used as surfaces to grow the biofilm of S. mutans, and daily, the teeth were treated with the formulations to test their real-time efficiency. The nanoemulsion was characterized using dynamic light scattering and the size of the particles was within the 100-300 nm range. Above 50 °C, the nanoemulsion combined with plant extract lost its emulsified state within 2 h of incubation, while the nanoemulsion was stable. Nanoemulsion with plant extract inhibited the adherence of L. casei (73%) and biofilm of L. casei (66%). In artificial mouth assay, after 10 days of nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion with plant extract showed DIAGNOdent pen values 3.5 and 2 respectively whereas the negative control value was 14.4 indicating caries initiation. The nanoemulsion with plant extract showed anti-adherence and anti-biofilm activity and hence can be used as a potent anticariogenic mouthwash.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsDental CariesToothAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsHumansMouthwashesPlant ExtractsStreptococcus mutansAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsMouthwashesPlant ExtractsDIAGNOdent penDynamic light scatteringFormulationMicrofluidizerNanoemulsion

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.